A conflict between two belligerents where neither engages in conflict with the other
Attitudes towards Germany
Wanted to keep Germany weak so they wouldn't pose a threat.
Wanted to extract reparations for all the damage Germany had caused
Americans: Attitudes towards Germany
Wanted Germany to recover economically to create stability in Europe
Containment
Truman took measures to contain the spread of communism. The U.S. would provide economic and military support to any country fighting communism
Marshall plan
The extensive economic aid plan to rebuild the European economy and encourage democracy
Red scare
House Unamerican activities community searched for communist influence in American society (Government, military, film industry, Boy Scouts)
GI Bill
Gave WW2 veterans the opportunity to go to college for free (paid by the Government)
Brown v. Board of education
The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were inherently unequal and schools had to be integrated. Overturned plessy v. Ferguson from 1896
Southern resistance to integration
Argued that the Supreme Court had engaged in a gross abuse of power
Arkansas: Southern resistance to integration
The Governor called in the National Guard to prevent black students from entering Little Rock High School. Eisenhower then sent Federal troops to protect those 9 students and force the school to be integrated
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger
Her refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger, and subsequent arrest sparked a massive bus boycott
Sit-in movement
Thousands of black folks sat a segregated food counters and refused to move until they were taken out by force and jailed
March on Washington
Hundreds of thousands gathered for a peaceful protest in front of the lincoln memorial. MLK gave his 'I have a dream' speech
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Made discrimination on the basis of race, religion, or sex illegal
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibited racial discrimination in the voting booth
Malcom X
Advocated countering white violence with black violence
Black Panthers
Advocated violence when necessary in defense of black rights
Watts Riots of 1965
After the arrest of a black motorist by white officers, rioters killed over 30 people and destroyed hundreds of buildings in Los Angeles
The Feminine Mystique
Explained the boredom and imprisonment of the typical housewife who was beholden to the needs of her family at the expense of her own needs. Argued that women should seek fulfilment and careers as well.
N.O.W.
Advocated for women's rights using many of the same tactics as the civil rights movement
Phyllis Schlafly
Organized the conservative opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment
Cesar Chavez
Led the protests for fair labor for agricultural workers
Background: Cesar Chavez
Many Mexican workers were deported during the great depression. Many returned in the '50s and '60s and their labor was exploited for very low wages
Self-determination Act of 1975
Gave Native Americans much greater control over their lands, education, and law enforcement
Counter culture
A movement, mostly among young people who cast off societal restraint with rebellious clothing and experimental drug use
Baker vs. Carr
Mandated fair congressional districts
Engel vs. Vitale
Prohibited prayers in school
Decolonization
After WWII there was a massive movement of decolonization throughout the world. Many of these new nations were unstable and needed aid, creating perfect conditions for proxy wars
Great society
An extension of the New Deal: War on Poverty
Office of Economic Opportunity, Medicare, Medicaid, immigration act
Roe v. Wade
Nixon's appointments (who he'd assumed who be conservative) ruled in favor of abortion rights
EPA
Created in response to growing backlash from environmental disasters. Sought to place limits on pollution in the air and water