those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the false written statements about others that harm their reputation

standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes an individual who benefits from the activities of an interest group but does not support the group either the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Gatekeepers Sound bite Prior restraint Elite theory of democracy

action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the

Impeachment selective incorporation Exclusionary rule Standing committee