Pierre Bayle (1647-1706) Denis Dierot (1713-1784) Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783)

David Hume (1711-1776) David Hume (1711-1776) James Beattie (1735-1803) Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)

Scottish, in Edinburgh, and said that reason has its limits — if you can't scientifically sense it to learn about it (or do math for it), then you can't know it. Paradoxically showed the limits of Enlightenment's faith in reason in things like the existence of God or the origin of the Universe. He also was racist. Prscticing an unusual branch of Judaism, Baruch Spinoza believed that nature = God, that science can determine everything, and that body = mind. Ryan's comment: Perhaps an early form of pantheism? Pierre hated Louis XIV and ran to the Netherlands where he pushed heavily for skepticism and critical thinking. Highly influential "Historical and Critical Dictionary" (1697) showing how stupid people can be. Scottish, in Edinburgh, and said that reason has its limits — if you can't scientifically sense it to learn about it (or do math for it), then you can't know it. Paradoxically showed the limits of Enlightenment's faith in reason in things like the existence of God or the origin of the Universe. He also was racist.

Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783) Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Pierre Bayle (1647-1706) David Hume (1711-1776)

Coeditor of the Encyclopedia. Hated Europeans exploiting people. In 1751 set out to find coauthors to examine the human knowledge... 72,000 articles on everything, and it was very influential and widely read. Knowledge is awesome! Also, jailed sixty years before Darwin's birth for questioning a creating God and suggesting autonomous evolution Coeditor of the Encyclopedia. In 1751 set out to find coauthors to examine the human knowledge... 72,000 articles on everything, and it was very influential and widely read. Knowledge is awesome! Coeditor of the Encyclopedia. Hated Europeans exploiting people. In 1751 set out to find coauthors to examine the human knowledge... 72,000 articles on everything, and it was very influential and widely read. Knowledge is awesome! Also, jailed sixty years before Darwin's birth for questioning a creating God and suggesting autonomous evolution Pierre hated Louis XIV and ran to the Netherlands where he pushed heavily for skepticism and critical thinking. Highly influential "Historical and Critical Dictionary" (1697) showing how stupid people can be.