products have less energy than reactants, spontaneous, graph will end lower than it started (sum of S products) - (sum of S reactants) DO NOT FORGET TO ACCOUNT FOR THE MOLES IN THE REACTION!!! Ecell = E (cathode) - E (anode) IMPORTANT: if the reaction gets reversed (in order to balance, sometimes it will need to be reversed), the sign of the Ecell must switch, however if it gets multiplied (in order to balance) IT REMAINS THE SAME!! x --> X+ + e-

thermodynamically unfavorable T=100k spontaneous, low temperature, T delta S is small T = 500k spontaneous, high temperature, T delta S is large thermodynamically unfavorable

overall cell reaction 2nd law of thermodynamics how K and G relate to each other G, S, H

products have less energy than reactants, spontaneous, graph will end lower than it started (sum of S products) - (sum of S reactants) DO NOT FORGET TO ACCOUNT FOR THE MOLES IN THE REACTION!!! 1 joule of work / coulomb of charge transferred J/C = units galvanic = anode is negative and cathode is positive electrolytic = anode is positive and cathode is negative

how K and G relate to each other galvanic cell vs electrolytic cell oxidation half-reaction is H > 0 and S > 0