the energy of a system related to changes in enthalpy and entropy, at a constant temperature. basically implies that the system is at 1 atm and using 1 M solutions. T=100k spontaneous, low temperature, T delta S is small x --> X+ + e- Ecell = E (cathode) - E (anode) IMPORTANT: if the reaction gets reversed (in order to balance, sometimes it will need to be reversed), the sign of the Ecell must switch, however if it gets multiplied (in order to balance) IT REMAINS THE SAME!!

non-spontaneous is... how K and G relate to each other non-spontaneous is... 3rd law of thermodynamics

T=100k spontaneous, low temperature, T delta S is small 1 joule of work / coulomb of charge transferred J/C = units thermodynamically unfavorable y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0)

2nd law of thermodynamics if a reaction is kinetically favorable cell potential, Ecell, electromotive force (emf) entropy

galvanic = anode is negative and cathode is positive electrolytic = anode is positive and cathode is negative as V goes up, so does S as the more temperature, the more energy, the mor entropy T=100k spontaneous, low temperature, T delta S is small Ecell = E (cathode) - E (anode) IMPORTANT: if the reaction gets reversed (in order to balance, sometimes it will need to be reversed), the sign of the Ecell must switch, however if it gets multiplied (in order to balance) IT REMAINS THE SAME!!