y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0) T = 500k spontaneous, high temperature, T delta S is large the energy of a system related to changes in enthalpy and entropy, at a constant temperature. basically implies that the system is at 1 atm and using 1 M solutions. Ecell = E (cathode) - E (anode) IMPORTANT: if the reaction gets reversed (in order to balance, sometimes it will need to be reversed), the sign of the Ecell must switch, however if it gets multiplied (in order to balance) IT REMAINS THE SAME!!

x --> X+ + e- y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0) thermodynamically unfavorable galvanic = anode is negative and cathode is positive electrolytic = anode is positive and cathode is negative

y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0) y + z --> Y+ + Z- (G<0) a reaction can be coupled with a reaction that is favorable to push it forward Examples: - photosynthesis - ATP - Charging a battery with electricity reduction happens, gaining electrons

how K and G relate to each other how do you calculate Gibbs free energy exergonic reaction cell potential, Ecell, electromotive force (emf)

S = entropy G = Gibbs free energy H = heat energy T=100k spontaneous, low temperature, T delta S is small galvanic = anode is negative and cathode is positive electrolytic = anode is positive and cathode is negative oxidation happens, losing electrons