30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) nepotism St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Hugenots

Council of Trent Swedish Phase (1630-1635) Peace of Westphalia Simony

called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw. Catholics defeated the Protestants and reestablished Catholicism (bohemian phase) Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening. King of Denmark, who was Protestant, led attacks against the Catholics. War is transforming from a local conflict, to a tran-national war

Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window. Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France. Allowed people to buy their salvation the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor

A list of Books, created by the Catholic Church, that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severe. Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil) Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.