favoritism to relatives Banks began handling so much money, new techniques were developed to keep track of it. Double entry booking was a way of keeping track of everyone’s debts and bank balance. Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding Helped start the 30 years war because he challenged the catholic absolutism of the holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd

Peace of Westphalia Council of Trent Catholic Reformation Stocks

Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas) Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening. In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil) French Protestants

A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic) the buying and selling of church offices Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window. called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Peace of Augsburg Massacre of Vassy Massacre of Vassy