Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding French Protestants Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

Anabaptists Indulgences Peace of Westphalia Simony

King of Denmark, who was Protestant, led attacks against the Catholics. War is transforming from a local conflict, to a tran-national war Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening. the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline in response to Protestant reforms.

Swedish Phase (1630-1635) nepotism Defenestration of Prague Indulgences

30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) Social order in 16th century europe Massacre of Vassy Anabaptists