Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion. Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd. Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic. Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement

Triennial Act (1641) Battle of Vienna (1683) New Model Army Puritans

spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other

“I am the state” Battle of Vienna (1683) Peter the great's religious reform English Bill of Rights (1689)

Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability. Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other