There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books Galileo Galilei Nicolaus Copernicus Paracelsus

Mary Wollstonecraft Thomas Hobbes Inductive reasoning Geocentric model of the universe

Using specific observations to create general principles Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular. private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

Natural rights Enlightened Absolutism The enlightenment Voltaire