Designed to pump water out of the coal mines to increase production. An ideology that calls for the redistribution of society's wealth and resources. Reaction to inequality in the Industrial Revolution Middle class needed places to relax and spend their time, while their workers were working. New parks, theaters, and sporting events Tzar Alexander 3rd had his finance minister Sergei Witte to draft some reforms. Universal suffrage for men, citizenship for all Russians, freedom of speech, and legislative reform, but tzar retained veto power

Vulcanization Quentin canal Zollverein agreement Irish potato famine

Sought to remedy the high disease and mortality rate that occurred in British cities. People sought to sanitize cities by creating sewage systems and cleaning up the environment Russia and the Habsburg Empire still practiced primitive agriculture which sometimes led to massive and deadly famines Women led movement that pushed for education for working class children Raw materials (colonial empire), excellent transportation system via canals and rivers and later railroads, rise of capitalism, incentives for inventors (government rewards for new inventions), favorable government policies

Irish potato famine Industrialization War of Greece independence Factory act

Between 1870 and 1914, a second wave of industrialization spread throughout Europe. Main building material became steel instead of iron, and the main fuel source became gasoline and electricity rather than coal and steam. Between 1870 and 1914, a second wave of industrialization spread throughout Europe. Main building material became steel instead of iron, and the main fuel source became gasoline and electricity rather than coal and steam. Inspired by the French revolutions, the people began demanding more liberal reforms as well. Constructional reforms and voting rights, but most of all, the unification of Germany. As they protested, Prussian king Frederick William 4th agreed to give them a new constitution and to merge Prussia into a unified German state. But while he was negotiating, the king sent troops to end the protests and the revolution failed. They opposed industrialization because they would loose workers as they left for cities.