Newcomen steam engine Concert of Europe Joseph de Maistre Newcomen steam engine

1800s-1900s social reforms War of Greece independence Zollverein agreement Conspicuous consumption

Austria passes the Carlsbad decrees Reasons for industrialization in Britain Sunday School Movement Non-industrialized nations in the 1800s

Potatoes were a staple food in Ireland. When a virus killed the potatoes, millions of the Irish poor died of starvation. Highlighted the importance of industrializing. Made rubber harder and more durable Industrialization struggled to take root in places like Portugal, Spain, Southern Italy, and Greece because they lacked large deposits of coal and iron. And spain was devastated after the peninsular war and lacked a stable government. Plus elites have more government control and they didn’t like industrialization Transition from agrarian economies to economies based on the manufacture of goods. Done in factories with specialization

Industrialization took hold in France much later than Britain because of its relative lack of coal and iron deposits. The middle class began buying things to show off A French conservative that initially supported the revolution, but he opposed it because of the violence and the attitudes towards religion. He opposed the secularization of France. He said authority should be rooted in religious and moral principles and wanted the monarchy back. Between 1870 and 1914, a second wave of industrialization spread throughout Europe. Main building material became steel instead of iron, and the main fuel source became gasoline and electricity rather than coal and steam.