the process where seed sprout and begin to grow A plant that lives and thrives in its place of origin exposing seeds to cold and moist conditions to encourage germination plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native

scarification native plant pollinator winter sowing

cold stratification rhizome scarification cold stratification

a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots, and roots breaking or softening a seed coat to allow absorption of moisture exposing seeds to cold and moist conditions to encourage germination inactive, sleeping

scarification invasive species pollinator winter sowing