Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Debates over money Pendleton Act The new south By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Jim Crow laws Gospel of wealth International migration society Pullman strike

Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Andrew Carnegie White collar workers American federation of labor Booker T. Washington