A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation. Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values. Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war Jim Crow laws Pendleton Act The new south

Facilitated the migration of black people to africa Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values. After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values. congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes