First to coin the term “humanism”. First to divide history into 3 parts.
New monarchies
Castiglione
A long career as a diplomat for Milan. Wrote “the courtier” on how a gentleman should behave in court.
Spanish monarchy in the renaissance
Isabella and Ferdinand conquered the Muslim state of Grenada, expelled Spanish Jews and tortured non-Catholics
Renaissance monarchies
New military technology meant only centralized government could afford to go to war. Monarchs became more powerful, nobility lost power.
Civic humanism
An emphasis on the public good
Poco della Mirandola
Machiavelli wrote about how an effective ruler should behave: they should maintain order and stability, be feared but not hated.
Humanism
A focus on the human body and human achievements.
The printing press helped spread the ideas of the renaissance.
French monarchy in the renaissance
The pope rented the power to appoint church officials in France to the king through the accordo di bologna
Beliefs on education in the renaissance
Believed education should promote individual virtue and self sacrificing public service. Aka. Civic humanism
Renaissance art
Petrarch
His death marked the start of the renaissance. He was called the father of humanism.
Secularism
Separation of church and state.
