AP Government required terms duel

Party machine a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability

bench trial

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Retrospective voting

rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person

A way of organizing a complex administrative structure with responsibility for carrying out the day to day tasks of organizations.

a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are

Judicial review

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in

Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a

Impeachment bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election

Front loading the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election (They become more influencial)

Executive order action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating

Privileges and immunities clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other

segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Stare decisis

Political party voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based

requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy

Cooperative federalism All levels of government working together

Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to

Executive privilege

A way of organizing a complex administrative structure with responsibility for carrying out the day to day tasks of organizations.

Rules committee

Full faith and credit clause

Redistricting

federal courts created by Congress under Article III of the Constitution

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and

action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Slander

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it

the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were

powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the

The exchange of political favors for support of a bill

action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Political party

Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy

Iron triangle alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate

selective incorporation application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment

Anti-Federalists Those opposed to the ratification of the constitution because it gave to much power to the federal government at the cost of the states

SuperPAC political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

Congressional Oversight Review and supervision of federal agencies and implementations of laws

Gerrymandering drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another

Independent regulatory agency

Casework

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