AP Government required terms duel

Political culture

a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues

Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not

system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Incumbency effect

Ideology a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Delegate Representation

Affirmative Action

Loose constructionist the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Franking privilege

Separation of powers practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its

Open primary

Hard money money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

bench trial A trial in which the judge alone hears and rules the case

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

amicus curiae

a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public

Floor leaders

Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy

Block grants

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating

Gatekeepers media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it

Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and

Full faith and credit clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the

Coattail effect Association with a popular candidate to get elected

Bureaucracy A way of organizing a complex administrative structure with responsibility for carrying out the day to day tasks of organizations.

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy

Bill of rights the first ten amendments to the constitution which protect civil liberties

Limited government

Cooperative federalism

Regressive tax a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it

Rule of four

Party machine

A program intended to give a boost to minority applicants over white applicants

amicus curiae A brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines their position or issues it thinks are important in the case. It literally means "friend of the court"

Unitary system system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Government corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board

Those opposed to the ratification of the constitution because it gave to much power to the federal government at the cost of the states

a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise

Loose constructionist

a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Prior restraint

Dealigning election

Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

Popular sovereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental

Strict constructionist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Hard money money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Independent regulatory agency

Federalists

Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the

Exclusionary rule

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