AP Government required terms duel

Gatekeepers media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it

Revolving door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the

Political socialization

party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

A program intended to give a boost to minority applicants over white applicants

a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are

Realigning election

categorical grants Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Stare decisis

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Iron triangle

a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating

Rule of four

the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members

Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election

Trial balloon tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging

Judicial restraint holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating

Liberal

Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

A Politico a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration

Association with a popular candidate to get elected

Elite theory of democracy

appelate court

Incumbency effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already

adminstrative discretion The flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. The Authority delegated to bureaucrats

bill of attainder A law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial, it's unconstitutional

Casework Services preformed by an elected official for constituents

Executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents

Trial balloon

Judicial activism a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public

De facto segregation

Supremacy clause

Independent regulatory agency an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and

SuperPAC political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend

Incrementalism

Soft money

Separation of powers practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its

Prospective voting

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Political party voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based

Gerrymandering Gerrymandering drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another

Free exercise clause

Open primary

Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state

Interest group

Delegate Representation an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents

Political action committees (PAC$)

A Politico

Government corporation

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate

Referendum a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Independent executive agency

Bureaucracy A way of organizing a complex administrative structure with responsibility for carrying out the day to day tasks of organizations.

voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

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