AP Government required terms duel

when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not

A trial in which the judge alone hears and rules the case

Hyperpluralism democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time,

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate

Cooperative federalism

Full faith and credit clause

Bureaucracy A way of organizing a complex administrative structure with responsibility for carrying out the day to day tasks of organizations.

acts designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality

Ideology

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy

Executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents

Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive

a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states

A brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines their position or issues it thinks are important in the case. It literally means "friend of the court"

the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Bill of rights the first ten amendments to the constitution which protect civil liberties

Logrolling

Affirmative Action A program intended to give a boost to minority applicants over white applicants

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

Independent regulatory agency

bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

Block grants

Limited government a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are

Interest group

Keynesian economics

rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person

Prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Judicial activism a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public

Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

Redistricting the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the

selective incorporation

Elite theory of democracy

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy

segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration

Opinion leaders

Anti-Federalists Those opposed to the ratification of the constitution because it gave to much power to the federal government at the cost of the states

let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

Apportionment Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state

Subsidy Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the

Inherent powers

Logrolling The exchange of political favors for support of a bill

Referendum a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Impeachment

Constitutional courts federal courts created by Congress under Article III of the Constitution

Free rider

Delegate Representation an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents

Pork barrel legislation " Bringing home the bacon" legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive

Coattail effect Association with a popular candidate to get elected

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Supremacy clause national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states

under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states

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