AP Government required terms duel

bench trial A trial in which the judge alone hears and rules the case

Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Block grants

says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states

Independent regulatory agency an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and

Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating

Privileges and immunities clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other

bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Strict constructionist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Soft money

Judicial activism

the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states

Slander false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

Anti-Federalists Those opposed to the ratification of the constitution because it gave to much power to the federal government at the cost of the states

the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government

adminstrative discretion The flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. The Authority delegated to bureaucrats

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or

Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy

a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to

Realigning election

Hyperpluralism

holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating

Executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents

Closed primary Limited to registered voters of a particular party

SuperPAC

Bureaucracy A way of organizing a complex administrative structure with responsibility for carrying out the day to day tasks of organizations.

Apportionment

Civil liberties Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

an individual who benefits from the activities of an interest group but does not support the group either

Pork barrel legislation " Bringing home the bacon" legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects

direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

Courts with the authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors or uphold rulings

a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

adminstrative discretion The flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. The Authority delegated to bureaucrats

Stare decisis let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

Block grants Federal funds given to states in broad policy areas with few restrictions

Subsidy Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the

Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

Strict constructionist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

Recess appointment

Privileges and immunities clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other

Good-faith exception a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise

bill of attainder A law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial, it's unconstitutional

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in

Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

Supremacy clause

Revolving door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were

democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time,

End this game?