establishes One Person-One Vote principle which expands the rights of minorities
Roe v. Wade facts
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
Brown v. Board of Education ruling
9:0 for Brown, school segregation violates the equal protection clause
Does banning the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of protest, violate the students' freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment?
Gideon v. Wainwright question
Does the 6th Amendment's right to counsel in criminal cases extend to defendants in state courts, even in cases in which the death penalty is not at issue?
McDonald v. Chicago question
Does the 2nd Amendment apply to state and local governments through the 14th Amendment's due process clause and thus prevent states from banning gun ownership?
Brown v. Board of Education impact
overruled "sperate but equal" (from Plessy v. Ferguson) and gave legal precedent for desegregation
Does a law that limits the ability of corporations and labor unions to spend their own money to advocate the election or defeat of a candidate violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech?
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Tinker v. Des Moines facts
US v. Lopez ruling
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
McCulloch v. Maryland impact
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
7:2 for Tinker, symbolic speech is protected under freedom of speech, students have free speech rights
McDonald v. Chicago ruling
Marbury v. Madison ruling
4:0 for Marbury, kinda. Marbury does deserve his commision, but SCOTUS shouldn't have heard the case first
US v. Lopez question
Roe v. Wade question
Does the Texas laws banning abortions violate the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment and a woman's constitutional right to an abortion?
Shaw v. Reno ruling
5:4 for Shaw, factoring race into redistricting is unconstitutional
New York Times v. US ruling
6:3 for NYTimes, except in the case of a Clear and Present danger the US government does not have the power of prior restraint over the press
Shaw v. Reno clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling
unanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
Gideon v. Wainwright clause
necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause
5:4 for Citizens United, political ads by corporations/nonprofits are protected under free speech, giving money to a campaign doesn't necessarily mean that they will be biased towards you
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
