Engel v. Vitale question
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
9:0 for Brown, school segregation violates the equal protection clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
Shaw v. Reno question
Does redrawing district lines based solely on race violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment?
Baker v. Carr impact
Gideon v. Wainwright ruling
Shaw v. Reno ruling
Wisconsin v. Yoder facts
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Schenck v. US clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Tinker v. Des Moines impact
students have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
5:4 for Citizens United, political ads by corporations/nonprofits are protected under free speech, giving money to a campaign doesn't necessarily mean that they will be biased towards you
Citizens United v. FEC clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
McCulloch v. Maryland clause
Tinker v. Des Moines question
Does banning the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of protest, violate the students' freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment?
McDonald v. Chicago ruling
5:4 for McDonald, the right to bear arms applies to the states
Engel v. Vitale clause
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
Does the 2nd Amendment apply to state and local governments through the 14th Amendment's due process clause and thus prevent states from banning gun ownership?
Gideon v. Wainwright question
Does the 6th Amendment's right to counsel in criminal cases extend to defendants in state courts, even in cases in which the death penalty is not at issue?
Tinker v. Des Moines ruling
Schenck v. US ruling
unanimous for US, Schenck's encouragement of draft dodging was a clear and present danger
Baker v. Carr facts
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
Marbury v. Madison clause
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
Citizens United v. FEC facts
BCRA law banned Citizens United from showing an ad they made casting Hilary Clinton in a negative light calling it "electioneering" and thus against the BCRA. Citizens United appealed that the ad fell under their right to free speech and thus the BCRA was unconstitutional (2010)
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Wisconsin v. Yoder impact
religion trumps schooling
Gideon v. Wainwright impact
Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Roe v. Wade facts
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
