Gideon v. Wainwright ruling
free speech clause
New York Times v. US clause
Gideon v. Wainwright question
Does the 6th Amendment's right to counsel in criminal cases extend to defendants in state courts, even in cases in which the death penalty is not at issue?
Do the plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
overruled "sperate but equal" (from Plessy v. Ferguson) and gave legal precedent for desegregation
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
Tinker v. Des Moines impact
students have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
McCulloch v. Maryland facts
Engel v. Vitale facts
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
Roe v. Wade question
Does the Texas laws banning abortions violate the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment and a woman's constitutional right to an abortion?
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Engel v. Vitale clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Students were suspended for wearing black armbands as a symbol to protest the Vietnam War after being told that wearing the armbands would result in punishment. Their parents sued the school system for violating the students right to free speech (1969)
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
McDonald v. Chicago facts
The Chicago system for obtaining gun permits was so annoying that it was almost impossible to obtain one. McDonald sued Chicago for violating his 2nd amendment rights (2010)
7:2 for Tinker, symbolic speech is protected under freedom of speech, students have free speech rights
Brown v. Board of Education clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
New York Times v. US impact
protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
established judicial review
Citizens United v. FEC question
Does a law that limits the ability of corporations and labor unions to spend their own money to advocate the election or defeat of a candidate violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech?
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
2nd Amendment right to bear arms, 14th amendment due process clause
New York Times v. US question
can the executive branch block the publication of classified government documents without violating the first amendment freedom of press clause?
Citizens United v. FEC impact
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Wisconsin v. Yoder ruling
7:0 for Yoder, forcing people to go to school despite a religious disagreement violated the free exercise clause
