protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
Shaw v. Reno question
Does redrawing district lines based solely on race violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment?
Marbury V. Madison impact
established judicial review
Engel v. Vitale question
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
Marbury v. Madison ruling
Schenck v. US clause
Tinker v. Des Moines impact
students have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
Baker v. Carr impact
establishes One Person-One Vote principle which expands the rights of minorities
Does banning the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of protest, violate the students' freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment?
Schenck v. US question
Did Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his freedom of speech?
Engel v. Vitale ruling
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
Wisconsin v. Yoder facts
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Engel v. Vitale clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
New York Times v. US facts
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
McDonald v. Chicago question
Tinker v. Des Moines facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Schenck v. US ruling
unanimous for US, Schenck's encouragement of draft dodging was a clear and present danger
US v. Lopez facts
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
Brown v. Board of Education impact
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
Wisconsin v. Yoder impact
religion trumps schooling
Engel v. Vitale facts
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
Schenck v. US impact
until it was overturned decades later, Schenck v. US was used to uphold the Espionage Act, causing many other convictions
Baker v. Carr question
Can the supreme court rule on issues of legislative districts?
Wisconsin v. Yoder question
Did Wisconsin's requirement that all parents send their children to school at until age 16 violate the First Amendment's free exercise clause?
