Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
US v. Lopez impact
limited commerce clause, lessened federal power
McCulloch v. Maryland facts
McDonald v. Chicago impact
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
Wisconsin v. Yoder impact
religion trumps schooling
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
5:4 for Citizens United, political ads by corporations/nonprofits are protected under free speech, giving money to a campaign doesn't necessarily mean that they will be biased towards you
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Shaw v. Reno ruling
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
Roe v. Wade impact
Extended the right of privacy to a woman's right to an abortion
Roe v. Wade ruling
7:2 for Roe, women have the right to an abortion
a bunch, 9th implied rights, 14th due process especially
Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Marbury v. Madison clause
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
Citizens United v. FEC impact
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
Tinker v. Des Moines clause
free speech clause
Tinker v. Des Moines ruling
7:2 for Tinker, symbolic speech is protected under freedom of speech, students have free speech rights
Wisconsin v. Yoder ruling
Marbury v. Madison ruling
4:0 for Marbury, kinda. Marbury does deserve his commision, but SCOTUS shouldn't have heard the case first
Tinker v. Des Moines question
Does banning the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of protest, violate the students' freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment?
established judicial review
Baker v. Carr ruling
Do state school segregation laws violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment?
Did Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his freedom of speech?
New York Times v. US ruling
6:3 for NYTimes, except in the case of a Clear and Present danger the US government does not have the power of prior restraint over the press
Roe v. Wade facts
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
