Tinker v. Des Moines impact
students have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Tinker v. Des Moines clause
New York Times v. US question
can the executive branch block the publication of classified government documents without violating the first amendment freedom of press clause?
Gideon v. Wainwright question
Does the 6th Amendment's right to counsel in criminal cases extend to defendants in state courts, even in cases in which the death penalty is not at issue?
Citizens United v. FEC impact
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
Baker v. Carr impact
Do state school segregation laws violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment?
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Baker v. Carr ruling
Engel v. Vitale clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Schenck v. US ruling
unanimous for US, Schenck's encouragement of draft dodging was a clear and present danger
established judicial review
14th amendment equal protection clause
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
US v. Lopez ruling
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
New York Times v. US clause
Baker v. Carr facts
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause
Did Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his freedom of speech?
Tinker v. Des Moines facts
Students were suspended for wearing black armbands as a symbol to protest the Vietnam War after being told that wearing the armbands would result in punishment. Their parents sued the school system for violating the students right to free speech (1969)
Roe v. Wade clause
a bunch, 9th implied rights, 14th due process especially
Gideon v. Wainwright impact
Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
McDonald v. Chicago facts
The Chicago system for obtaining gun permits was so annoying that it was almost impossible to obtain one. McDonald sued Chicago for violating his 2nd amendment rights (2010)
14th amendment equal protection clause
5:4 for Citizens United, political ads by corporations/nonprofits are protected under free speech, giving money to a campaign doesn't necessarily mean that they will be biased towards you
