Engel v. Vitale question
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Roe v. Wade impact
Extended the right of privacy to a woman's right to an abortion
Roe v. Wade facts
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
a bunch, 9th implied rights, 14th due process especially
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
unanimous for Gideon, the right to an attorney applies to felony cases
New York Times v. US impact
Tinker v. Des Moines ruling
7:2 for Tinker, symbolic speech is protected under freedom of speech, students have free speech rights
McCulloch v. Maryland clause
Brown v. Board of Education impact
overruled "sperate but equal" (from Plessy v. Ferguson) and gave legal precedent for desegregation
New York Times v. US clause
1st amendment freedom of press
US v. Lopez ruling
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Engel v. Vitale facts
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
McCulloch v. Maryland question
Schenck v. US facts
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling
unanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
Baker v. Carr impact
establishes One Person-One Vote principle which expands the rights of minorities
Marbury v. Madison clause
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
6th amendment, right to an attorney
Wisconsin v. Yoder facts
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Commerce Clause
Baker v. Carr facts
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
Citizens United v. FEC clause
Shaw v. Reno impact
New York Times v. US ruling
6:3 for NYTimes, except in the case of a Clear and Present danger the US government does not have the power of prior restraint over the press
Baker v. Carr clause
Schenck v. US clause
