US v. Lopez question
Under the commerce clause, does congress have the power to regulate guns near schools?
Does a law that limits the ability of corporations and labor unions to spend their own money to advocate the election or defeat of a candidate violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech?
Schenck v. US facts
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
Engel v. Vitale clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Wisconsin v. Yoder clause
1st Amendment Free Exercise Clause
Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Tinker v. Des Moines ruling
7:2 for Tinker, symbolic speech is protected under freedom of speech, students have free speech rights
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
Brown v. Board of Education impact
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Schenck v. US clause
Baker v. Carr ruling
6:2 for Baker, SCOTUS has the power to rule on congressional districts
Schenck v. US impact
until it was overturned decades later, Schenck v. US was used to uphold the Espionage Act, causing many other convictions
US v. Lopez ruling
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
McCulloch v. Maryland clause
necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause
Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
The Chicago system for obtaining gun permits was so annoying that it was almost impossible to obtain one. McDonald sued Chicago for violating his 2nd amendment rights (2010)
Marbury V. Madison impact
established judicial review
New York Times v. US ruling
Engel v. Vitale impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
McDonald v. Chicago question
Does the 2nd Amendment apply to state and local governments through the 14th Amendment's due process clause and thus prevent states from banning gun ownership?
Shaw v. Reno ruling
5:4 for Shaw, factoring race into redistricting is unconstitutional
Do the plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?
Gideon v. Wainwright clause
Engel v. Vitale question
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
Baker v. Carr impact
Wisconsin v. Yoder impact
Wisconsin v. Yoder facts
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
