Wisconsin v. Yoder facts
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
US v. Lopez question
Under the commerce clause, does congress have the power to regulate guns near schools?
Engel v. Vitale ruling
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
Tinker v. Des Moines ruling
Engel v. Vitale question
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
Marbury v. Madison question
Brown v. Board of Education clause
Roe v. Wade ruling
7:2 for Roe, women have the right to an abortion
Schenck v. US clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Engel v. Vitale clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
5:4 for Citizens United, political ads by corporations/nonprofits are protected under free speech, giving money to a campaign doesn't necessarily mean that they will be biased towards you
6:2 for Baker, SCOTUS has the power to rule on congressional districts
Baker v. Carr clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
McCulloch v. Maryland question
Does the federal government have implied powers?
Gideon v. Wainwright ruling
unanimous for Gideon, the right to an attorney applies to felony cases
Marbury V. Madison impact
Shaw v. Reno clause
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Schenck v. US question
Did Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his freedom of speech?
overruled "sperate but equal" (from Plessy v. Ferguson) and gave legal precedent for desegregation
Citizens United v. FEC impact
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
Engel v. Vitale impact
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
Gideon v. Wainwright clause
Citizens United v. FEC question
Does a law that limits the ability of corporations and labor unions to spend their own money to advocate the election or defeat of a candidate violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech?
New York Times v. US clause
1st amendment freedom of press
