Citizens United v. FEC clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Engel v. Vitale clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
Schenck v. US impact
until it was overturned decades later, Schenck v. US was used to uphold the Espionage Act, causing many other convictions
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Wisconsin v. Yoder facts
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
14th amendment equal protection clause
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
Commerce Clause
protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
Tinker v. Des Moines impact
students have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
US v. Lopez impact
limited commerce clause, lessened federal power
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling
Engel v. Vitale facts
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
6:3 for NYTimes, except in the case of a Clear and Present danger the US government does not have the power of prior restraint over the press
Schenck v. US ruling
unanimous for US, Schenck's encouragement of draft dodging was a clear and present danger
Roe v. Wade ruling
Citizens United v. FEC facts
BCRA law banned Citizens United from showing an ad they made casting Hilary Clinton in a negative light calling it "electioneering" and thus against the BCRA. Citizens United appealed that the ad fell under their right to free speech and thus the BCRA was unconstitutional (2010)
Citizens United v. FEC question
Does a law that limits the ability of corporations and labor unions to spend their own money to advocate the election or defeat of a candidate violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech?
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
New York Times v. US clause
Engel v. Vitale question
Marbury v. Madison clause
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
states cannot infringe on the right to bear arms
Do the plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Roe v. Wade impact
Extended the right of privacy to a woman's right to an abortion
