Baker v. Carr facts
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
Gideon v. Wainwright impact
5:4 for McDonald, the right to bear arms applies to the states
Shaw v. Reno ruling
5:4 for Shaw, factoring race into redistricting is unconstitutional
Does the 6th Amendment's right to counsel in criminal cases extend to defendants in state courts, even in cases in which the death penalty is not at issue?
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling
unanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
Engel v. Vitale question
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
Schenck v. US ruling
unanimous for US, Schenck's encouragement of draft dodging was a clear and present danger
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
Does banning the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of protest, violate the students' freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment?
McDonald v. Chicago impact
states cannot infringe on the right to bear arms
Marbury v. Madison ruling
4:0 for Marbury, kinda. Marbury does deserve his commision, but SCOTUS shouldn't have heard the case first
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
Tinker v. Des Moines impact
Citizens United v. FEC question
Does a law that limits the ability of corporations and labor unions to spend their own money to advocate the election or defeat of a candidate violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech?
US v. Lopez facts
US v. Lopez impact
limited commerce clause, lessened federal power
McCulloch v. Maryland question
New York Times v. US ruling
6:3 for NYTimes, except in the case of a Clear and Present danger the US government does not have the power of prior restraint over the press
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
McCulloch v. Maryland facts
Maryland tried to tax federal banks in the state, McCulloch, the chief cashier in the Baltimore branch refused to pay. the state sued. (1819)
Roe v. Wade question
Does the Texas laws banning abortions violate the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment and a woman's constitutional right to an abortion?
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
McCulloch v. Maryland clause
necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause
Baker v. Carr impact
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
Citizens United v. FEC facts
Wisconsin v. Yoder ruling
7:0 for Yoder, forcing people to go to school despite a religious disagreement violated the free exercise clause
