Shaw v. Reno ruling
5:4 for Shaw, factoring race into redistricting is unconstitutional
free speech clause
Gideon v. Wainwright ruling
US v. Lopez clause
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
1st Amendment freedom of speech
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Citizens United v. FEC facts
BCRA law banned Citizens United from showing an ad they made casting Hilary Clinton in a negative light calling it "electioneering" and thus against the BCRA. Citizens United appealed that the ad fell under their right to free speech and thus the BCRA was unconstitutional (2010)
Schenck v. US facts
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
Wisconsin v. Yoder ruling
7:0 for Yoder, forcing people to go to school despite a religious disagreement violated the free exercise clause
New York Times v. US impact
protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
Roe v. Wade clause
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
Engel v. Vitale question
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
Engel v. Vitale impact
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
Brown v. Board of Education clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
McCulloch v. Maryland question
US v. Lopez ruling
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
unanimous for US, Schenck's encouragement of draft dodging was a clear and present danger
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling
unanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Wisconsin v. Yoder clause
Shaw v. Reno question
Does redrawing district lines based solely on race violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment?
Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Engel v. Vitale clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
New York Times v. US question
can the executive branch block the publication of classified government documents without violating the first amendment freedom of press clause?
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
Tinker v. Des Moines impact
students have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
