Brown v. Board of Education facts
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
Gideon v. Wainwright impact
Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Do the plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?
Schenck v. US impact
until it was overturned decades later, Schenck v. US was used to uphold the Espionage Act, causing many other convictions
Baker v. Carr ruling
6:2 for Baker, SCOTUS has the power to rule on congressional districts
Shaw v. Reno ruling
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
Shaw v. Reno clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Tinker v. Des Moines ruling
7:2 for Tinker, symbolic speech is protected under freedom of speech, students have free speech rights
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
US v. Lopez clause
Commerce Clause
Citizens United v. FEC question
5:4 for McDonald, the right to bear arms applies to the states
Brown v. Board of Education ruling
Citizens United v. FEC facts
BCRA law banned Citizens United from showing an ad they made casting Hilary Clinton in a negative light calling it "electioneering" and thus against the BCRA. Citizens United appealed that the ad fell under their right to free speech and thus the BCRA was unconstitutional (2010)
Marbury V. Madison impact
established judicial review
Engel v. Vitale ruling
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
Baker v. Carr clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling
unanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
McCulloch v. Maryland impact
Does redrawing district lines based solely on race violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment?
Schenck v. US clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Schenck v. US question
New York Times v. US clause
New York Times v. US question
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
Brown v. Board of Education impact
US v. Lopez question
Under the commerce clause, does congress have the power to regulate guns near schools?
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
