Brown v. Board of Education impactoverruled "sperate but equal" (from Plessy v. Ferguson) and gave legal precedent for desegregation
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Engel v. Vitale question
Brown v. Board of Education questionDo state school segregation laws violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment?
US v. Lopez clause
Brown v. Board of Education clause14th amendment equal protection clause
Tinker v. Des Moines impactstudents have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
Marbury v. Madison questionDo the plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?
Wisconsin v. Yoder factsFor religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
2nd Amendment right to bear arms, 14th amendment due process clause
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Schenck v. US facts
Gideon v. Wainwright question
McDonald v. Chicago facts
Tinker v. Des Moines question
Roe v. Wade ruling7:2 for Roe, women have the right to an abortion
Engel v. Vitale clause1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Does the federal government have implied powers?
Gideon v. Wainwright impactGuaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Wisconsin v. Yoder ruling
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
Baker v. Carr impactestablishes One Person-One Vote principle which expands the rights of minorities
Brown v. Board of Education ruling9:0 for Brown, school segregation violates the equal protection clause
Tinker v. Des Moines factsStudents were suspended for wearing black armbands as a symbol to protest the Vietnam War after being told that wearing the armbands would result in punishment. Their parents sued the school system for violating the students right to free speech (1969)
New York Times v. US impactprotected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
religion trumps schooling
Brown v. Board of Education facts
states cannot infringe on the right to bear arms
Marbury v. Madison ruling
Wisconsin v. Yoder clause1st Amendment Free Exercise Clause
Roe v. Wade clausea bunch, 9th implied rights, 14th due process especially
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Gideon v. Wainwright impactGuaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Baker v. Carr ruling6:2 for Baker, SCOTUS has the power to rule on congressional districts
necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause
McCulloch v. Maryland questionDoes the federal government have implied powers?
Shaw v. Reno clause
protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
14th amendment equal protection clause
Wisconsin v. Yoder ruling
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Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Engel v. Vitale ruling6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
McDonald v. Chicago ruling5:4 for McDonald, the right to bear arms applies to the states
until it was overturned decades later, Schenck v. US was used to uphold the Espionage Act, causing many other convictions
New York Times v. US ruling6:3 for NYTimes, except in the case of a Clear and Present danger the US government does not have the power of prior restraint over the press
New York Times v. US factsThe Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
Tinker v. Des Moines questionDoes banning the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of protest, violate the students' freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment?
Shaw v. Reno factsIn an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
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School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
McDonald v. Chicago questionDoes the 2nd Amendment apply to state and local governments through the 14th Amendment's due process clause and thus prevent states from banning gun ownership?
Citizens United v. FEC factsBCRA law banned Citizens United from showing an ad they made casting Hilary Clinton in a negative light calling it "electioneering" and thus against the BCRA. Citizens United appealed that the ad fell under their right to free speech and thus the BCRA was unconstitutional (2010)
5:4 for Citizens United, political ads by corporations/nonprofits are protected under free speech, giving money to a campaign doesn't necessarily mean that they will be biased towards you
McCulloch v. Maryland rulingunanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
Schenck v. US questionDid Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his freedom of speech?
Gideon v. Wainwright rulingunanimous for Gideon, the right to an attorney applies to felony cases
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Shaw v. Reno impactclaims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
McCulloch v. Maryland impact
Marbury v. Madison ruling
McDonald v. Chicago impactstates cannot infringe on the right to bear arms