Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Tinker v. Des Moines impact
Wisconsin v. Yoder facts
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
5:4 for Shaw, factoring race into redistricting is unconstitutional
McDonald v. Chicago question
Does the 2nd Amendment apply to state and local governments through the 14th Amendment's due process clause and thus prevent states from banning gun ownership?
Tinker v. Des Moines clause
free speech clause
US v. Lopez question
Under the commerce clause, does congress have the power to regulate guns near schools?
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
McCulloch v. Maryland question
Roe v. Wade impact
Extended the right of privacy to a woman's right to an abortion
McDonald v. Chicago clause
2nd Amendment right to bear arms, 14th amendment due process clause
Roe v. Wade ruling
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Baker v. Carr ruling
6:2 for Baker, SCOTUS has the power to rule on congressional districts
Baker v. Carr facts
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
Roe v. Wade facts
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
Baker v. Carr clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
US v. Lopez ruling
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
Shaw v. Reno clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
McCulloch v. Maryland clause
necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause
Schenck v. US ruling
unanimous for US, Schenck's encouragement of draft dodging was a clear and present danger
5:4 for McDonald, the right to bear arms applies to the states
Brown v. Board of Education clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
Baker v. Carr question
McDonald v. Chicago facts
The Chicago system for obtaining gun permits was so annoying that it was almost impossible to obtain one. McDonald sued Chicago for violating his 2nd amendment rights (2010)
protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
Brown v. Board of Education ruling
9:0 for Brown, school segregation violates the equal protection clause
