Baker v. Carr impact
establishes One Person-One Vote principle which expands the rights of minorities
McCulloch v. Maryland impact
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
Schenck v. US clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Engel v. Vitale clause
Marbury V. Madison impact
Baker v. Carr clause
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
Roe v. Wade question
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
Commerce Clause
until it was overturned decades later, Schenck v. US was used to uphold the Espionage Act, causing many other convictions
Baker v. Carr ruling
6:2 for Baker, SCOTUS has the power to rule on congressional districts
6th amendment, right to an attorney
Tinker v. Des Moines facts
Students were suspended for wearing black armbands as a symbol to protest the Vietnam War after being told that wearing the armbands would result in punishment. Their parents sued the school system for violating the students right to free speech (1969)
New York Times v. US impact
protected freedom of press, government cannot stop printing
unanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
Marbury v. Madison ruling
4:0 for Marbury, kinda. Marbury does deserve his commision, but SCOTUS shouldn't have heard the case first
Marbury v. Madison clause
appellate jurisdiction clause of Article III
Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Brown v. Board of Education impact
overruled "sperate but equal" (from Plessy v. Ferguson) and gave legal precedent for desegregation
Citizens United v. FEC clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Engel v. Vitale impact
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
Does the federal government have implied powers?
unanimous for Gideon, the right to an attorney applies to felony cases
Citizens United v. FEC impact
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
Shaw v. Reno question
Does redrawing district lines based solely on race violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment?
Gideon v. Wainwright impact
Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
Marbury v. Madison ruling
