Baker v. Carr clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
Brown v. Board of Education ruling
9:0 for Brown, school segregation violates the equal protection clause
Shaw v. Reno question
Brown v. Board of Education clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
Tinker v. Des Moines clause
free speech clause
Gideon v. Wainwright impact
Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
Shaw v. Reno clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Schenck v. US clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Citizens United v. FEC impact
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
limited commerce clause, lessened federal power
Marbury v. Madison question
Do the plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?
US v. Lopez ruling
5:4 for Lopez, the state cannot regulate guns on school property under the commerce clause
McDonald v. Chicago ruling
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
New York Times v. US ruling
Engel v. Vitale facts
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
Roe v. Wade facts
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
5:4 for Citizens United, political ads by corporations/nonprofits are protected under free speech, giving money to a campaign doesn't necessarily mean that they will be biased towards you
Tinker v. Des Moines question
US v. Lopez clause
Engel v. Vitale ruling
Engel v. Vitale question
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment?
Schenck v. US impact
McCulloch v. Maryland ruling
unanimous for McCulloch, the federal government has implied powers, states can't tax a federal institution
Schenck v. US facts
7:0 for Yoder, forcing people to go to school despite a religious disagreement violated the free exercise clause
Roe v. Wade impact
