Shaw v. Reno clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
McDonald v. Chicago ruling
5:4 for McDonald, the right to bear arms applies to the states
Engel v. Vitale ruling
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
Extended the right of privacy to a woman's right to an abortion
Shaw v. Reno facts
In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
Marbury v. Madison question
Do the plaintiffs have a right to their commissions?
New York Times v. US facts
Gideon v. Wainwright facts
Gideon was convicted for a felony in florida where there were no state laws protecting right to an attorney. in prison he researched law and sued citing violations of his 6th amendment rights (1963)
Baker v. Carr clause
14th amendment equal protection clause
US v. Lopez clause
Commerce Clause
limited commerce clause, lessened federal power
1st Amendment freedom of speech
New York Times v. US impact
Shaw v. Reno ruling
Shaw v. Reno impact
claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny. laws that results in classification by race must have a compelling state interest or a clear 14th amendment violation
Does the 2nd Amendment apply to state and local governments through the 14th Amendment's due process clause and thus prevent states from banning gun ownership?
Roe v. Wade ruling
7:2 for Roe, women have the right to an abortion
7:0 for Yoder, forcing people to go to school despite a religious disagreement violated the free exercise clause
states cannot infringe on the right to bear arms
Brown v. Board of Education facts
Brown was a student at a Topeka school. She had to travel much farther to the nearest black school than she would to the white one. With support from the NAACP Brown sued (1954
During World War I, Schenck, secretary of the socialist party, mailed a pamphlets to draftees declaring that the Thirteenth Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude meant that the draft was unconstitutional. He was charged with violation of the Espionage Act and sued saying that he was just exercising free speech (1919)
Roe v. Wade question
Does the Texas laws banning abortions violate the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment and a woman's constitutional right to an abortion?
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Citizens United v. FEC question
Does a law that limits the ability of corporations and labor unions to spend their own money to advocate the election or defeat of a candidate violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech?
Citizens United v. FEC facts
BCRA law banned Citizens United from showing an ad they made casting Hilary Clinton in a negative light calling it "electioneering" and thus against the BCRA. Citizens United appealed that the ad fell under their right to free speech and thus the BCRA was unconstitutional (2010)
Engel v. Vitale impact
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
Schenck v. US question
Did Schenck's conviction under the Espionage Act for criticizing the draft violate his freedom of speech?
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
