In an attempt to create an additional legislative district with a majority of African-American voters, the state of North Carolina created a district connecting pockets of minority voters by nothing more than the width of the freeway. Shaw, a republican from NC, sued the US Attorney General who had forced the changes on 14th amendment violations (1993)
6:1 for Engel, since it was a public school, it does violate the establishment clause
1st amendment freedom of press
Brown v. Board of Education clause
Roe v. Wade facts
Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life, Roe sued "on behalf of all women" (1973)
free speech clause
Schenck v. US clause
1st Amendment freedom of speech
Citizens United v. FEC ruling
US v. Lopez impact
limited commerce clause, lessened federal power
Tinker v. Des Moines question
Does banning the wearing of armbands in public school, as a form of protest, violate the students' freedom of speech guaranteed in the First Amendment?
Do state school segregation laws violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment?
Shaw v. Reno ruling
5:4 for Shaw, factoring race into redistricting is unconstitutional
US v. Lopez facts
Lopez, a senior brought a gun to his public high school, illegal under the federal Gun Free School Zones Act. He was arrested and tried in federal court. He sued saying that regulation on state property (schools) was state business. (1995)
Maryland tried to tax federal banks in the state, McCulloch, the chief cashier in the Baltimore branch refused to pay. the state sued. (1819)
Gideon v. Wainwright impact
New York Times v. US facts
The Nixon administration attempted to prevent several newspapers from publishing materials belonging to a classified Defense Department study, known as the Pentagon Papers, detailing US actions in Vietnam. The president argued that prior restraint was necessary to protect national security. NYTimes sued on 1st amendment grounds (1971)
a bunch, 9th implied rights, 14th due process especially
New York Times v. US ruling
6:3 for NYTimes, except in the case of a Clear and Present danger the US government does not have the power of prior restraint over the press
Baker v. Carr facts
In Tennessee district boundaries were not being redrawn despite unequal spread of voters. Baker, a Tennessee citizen, sued on the grounds that the district lines made rural votes worth more than urban ones. (1962)
Gideon v. Wainwright question
Marbury v. Madison clause
established judicial review
students have free speech rights, symbolic speech is speech and protected
New York Times v. US question
can the executive branch block the publication of classified government documents without violating the first amendment freedom of press clause?
Engel v. Vitale facts
Public schools in New York began the school day by having students to recite a nondenominational prayer each morning. Engel, a parent at the school sued the district for violating the establishment clause (1962)
US v. Lopez question
Under the commerce clause, does congress have the power to regulate guns near schools?
McCulloch v. Maryland impact
established supremacy of federal laws and the implied powers of congress
Citizens United v. FEC impact
used as precedent to declare the cap on campaign funding unconstitutional, now money=free speech
US v. Lopez clause
Commerce Clause
For religious reasons Amish families refused to send their children to high school citing a religious exemption, violating a Wisconsin law and were fined. They sued the state for violating their freedom of religion (1972)
