Chemiosmosis
Process by which a Hydrogen pump pumps protons into the thylakoid membrane. H+ passively flows through the ATP synthase which leads to the creation of ATP.
Fermentation
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
Catabolism
electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle
Mitocondrion
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Glycolysis
Aerobic
Acetyl CoA
oxygen dept
amount of oxygen requirement to oxidize lactic acid produced anaerobically during strenous muscle activity.
NAD+
electron carrier involved in glycolysis
Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
substrate-level phosphorylation
The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
cellular respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
parent drug more polar metabolite
Cytochromes
proteins that play a key role in electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts
