AP Government duel

traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

Pardon

Single-member districts

Roe v. Wade (1973)

independents people who have no party affiliation

Reapportionment redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Bill of Rights

information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Redistricting the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment

Political action committees (PAC$)

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

Revolving

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Open primary

Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Open rule

Natural rights basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny

original jurisdiction the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government

Caucus (congressional)

Participatory democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;

Substantive due process

Policy formulation the development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda

Judicial restraint holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

Conference committee

a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment

Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

Rules committee determines the rules for debate for bills in the House

Monetary policy economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

Exclusionary rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Fiscal federalism a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

Legislative courts

Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

At-large

Initiative

Direct democracy

Political efficacy

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Concurrent powers governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments

Republic

Primary election

conformity

Policy adoption the approval of a policy by legislation

Appellate courts courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law

Logrolling the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

Civil liberties constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.

Blanket primary a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another

End this game?