Strict constitutionalist
the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution
Diplomacy
the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
Deregulation
the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers
voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
joint resolution
A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president
a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example
Delegate
Congressional oversight
a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party
Coattail
effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.
Gender gap
a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
Slander
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Incrementalism
small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase
drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
Federal budget
amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year
Conservative
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Reserved powers
under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Politics
Caucus (congressional)
Supremacy clause
national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
De facto segregation
segregation that results from living patterns rather than law
Line item veto
using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea
Candidate
centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation
the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
Exit poll
a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.
