Primary electionnominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
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Boost!
Reserved powersunder the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Off year electionan election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank
a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
Courts of Appealfederal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts
Independent regulatory agency
Pluralist theory of democracy
Independent executive agencyan agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Political ideology
weak governmentgovernment that has limited control over economy or personal lives
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Frozen!
Federal system
Republica government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy
Reapportionment
Great compromisea solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
Establishment clause
verbal communication of ideas and opinions
General electionvoters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents
Procedural Due Processmethod of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Executive agreement
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?The government cannot exert prior restraint.
De jure segregation
justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Keynesian economicsthe belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity
Policy adoptionthe approval of a policy by legislation
Monetary policyeconomic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve
a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees
Amendmenta revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
Politicsmethod of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
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Rule of four
a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case
a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government
action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review
Delegate
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Political agenda
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?
Judicial activism
Moderateperson whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
Frozen!
Frozen!
voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
Closed conventiona party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
Direct democracy
Vetothe president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress
Substantive due processthe policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party
the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Markuprewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
Grants-in-aidprograms, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Filibuster
Billa draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.
Libel
War Powers Act of 1973a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
Caucus (congressional)a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share
Trustee
party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
Constituencyservice casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members