AP Government duel

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Trial balloon tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction

a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy

under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

Categorical grants federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

Incumbent

Federalist

a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Iron triangle alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Popular Socereignty

Articles of Confederation the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited

Free rider

unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

common policy concerns

Supremacy clause national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states

Party dealignment weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties

services performed by an elected official for constituents

jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears

On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Soft money

Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

Rules committee

Fiscal policy

Categorical grants federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Policy implementation carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts

Party dealignment weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties

Rule of four a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case

Midterm elections congressional elections held between presidential elections

the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government

to social norms and values, tough on criminals

a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

Deficit government spending exceeds revenue

standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation

Nonpartisan election

Procedural Due Process method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures

franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure

Honeymoon period

Iron triangle alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

services performed by an elected official for constituents

Gridlock

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party

Declaration of Independence

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

End this game?