AP Government duel

clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

Platform a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank

a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Miranda warning the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights

writ of certiorari

Monetary policy economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

Amicus curiae brief

a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered

representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation

Incorporation

Straight-ticket voting voting for candidates all of the same party

Declaration of Independence drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain

Procedural due process

Subsidy

Hard money money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

Legislative courts

Trial balloon

Off the record information

Rider an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

common policy concerns

Lobbying attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Blanket primary a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another

a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Politico a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)

requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

Logrolling the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Party machine a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt

Symbolic speech

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

Slander

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

conformity

the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

Revolving

Trustee after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support

Critical elections

Majority opinion

Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Divided government

Conference committee a committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction

Concurring opinion justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

Primary election

Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Supremacy clause national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states

On the record information

Impeachment

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