New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
Ratification
Dealigning
election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or
a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
Motor Voter Law
allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
government corporation
corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may
Legislative Branch
under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
Political efficacy
Socialism
Elastic clause
the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Inherent powers
Open convention
a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
Revolving
door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants
Off the record information
National debt
amount of money owed by the government
the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress
a political system in which all power is derived from the central government
nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
Gatekeepers
media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it will be presented
Direct primary
party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election
Straight-ticket voting
Issue networks
the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles
Iron triangle
alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
Critical elections
sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions
Hate speech
offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment
