AP Government duel

Monetary policy

Redistricting

a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Coattail effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

Rule of four

Dissenting opinion

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938)

one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Conference committee a committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress

information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Recall

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Anti-Federalists those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

a two-house legislature

redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

equality of opportunity everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

Nonpartisan election an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

De jure segregation segregation segregation that results from law

bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

Political socialization

conformity to social norms and values, tough on criminals

The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Policy adoption the approval of a policy by legislation

Grassroots lobbying organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy

voting for candidates all of the same party

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Elastic clause the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers

carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts

Exit poll

Executive order

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission

Loose Constructionist the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Subsidy

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Regressive tax

a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor; requires 218 votes

authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Exclusionary rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized

Enumerated powers powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Majority-minority districts

Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population

Three-fifths compromise agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

Electorate

Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts

writ of habeas corpus

End this game?