Lemon v. Kurtzman Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).
Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Deviating election minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters
Natural rights
Impoundment refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Republic
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area
Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"
Dual Federalism
Deficit
Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation
Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Discrimination unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot
Incumbency effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office
Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation
Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts
when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed
Administrative Discretion the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
Conference committee
Separation of powers
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Participatory democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;
Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party
Discharge petition a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor; requires 218 votes
President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
District courts
Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction
a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states
Fiscal policy
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.
Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate
seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
Political party Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government
Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party
Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
pork-barrel legislation legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy
double jeopardy a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress
Gerrymandering
Ex post facto law a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
Player 1 wins!

Player 2 wins!
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