The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Dual Federalism
a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
Federal question
a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party
Gridlock
when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Implied powers
prior restraint
programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Roe v. Wade (1973)
The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Deviating election
Judicial restraint
holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
Policy adoption
the approval of a policy by legislation
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004)
US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
Johnson v. Zerbst (1938)
Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright
Legislative veto
when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Electoral College
representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
stare decisis
let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
Elastic clause
the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Open rule
in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
Electorate
people qualified to vote
the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited
Split-ticket voting
Limited Government
executive privilege
Political socialization
complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?
Individualism
the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government
Diplomacy
the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
