Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent
Frozen!
Frozen!
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Boost!
Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison
Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
Realigning election
prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship
Discharge petition a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor; requires 218 votes
Coattail
Concurrent powers governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
Electorate
Full faith and credit
Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts
economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve
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Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
Media event a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light
a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio
General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents
The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
only one representative is chosen from each legislative district
organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
Government the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
Pocket veto
Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Closed rule
Oversight
The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
Barnettte v. McColumm Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
prohibits the establishment of a national religion
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Casework
Electoral College
Rider
Reapportionment redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution
Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally
executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers
Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
Incorporation
Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll
Amicus curiae brief
Administrative Discretion
a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
Boost!
Boost!
Federal budget decicit the difference in any year between government spending and government revenue
Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area
refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation
Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent
Closed primary
Extradition
Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members
Incumbent
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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Player 2 wins!
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