AP Government duel

Divided government

rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

Politico

special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

a two-house legislature

Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for

Legislative veto

positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.

government corporation corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service

Random sampling

Public opinion

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Delegate

Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Block grants grants federal funds given to the states for programs in broad policy areas with few, if any, restrictions

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Lobbying attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster

created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Party realignment a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt

Judicial restraint

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

original jurisdiction

a poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes

a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Dissenting opinion

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Categorical grants federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Deregulation the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered

Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Platform

Unanimous consent

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

Reapportionment redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Miranda warning

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

Administrative Discretion

Executive order action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Redistricting

justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

Government the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy

De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

End this game?