AP Government duel

Deficit government spending exceeds revenue

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

Commerce and slave trade compromise

using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Unitary system

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

President Pro Tempore

Majority opinion

Concurrent jurisdiction

Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

National debt

Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Nonpartisan election an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

Rules committee

a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

New Jersey v. TLO (1985) Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Full faith and credit

Eminent domain

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Implied powers powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause

Procedural Due Process

Deregulation the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

Executive order action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

Federalist supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Judicial branch

Nonpartisan election an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments

Free exercise clause

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Civil rights positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.

a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

Judicial restraint

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Procedural Due Process method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures

settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate

Off year election an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election

Public policy the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy

prohibits the establishment of a national religion

Keynesian economics

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Bench trial a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Direct democracy

End this game?