Expressed powers
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Unfunded mandates
De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law
Free rider
Patronage the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison
national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
District courts lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held
corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.
1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.
Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members
At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative
Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year
the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public
party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"
Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy
Gender gap a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
Boost!
Boost!
Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
Political socialization
Electorate people qualified to vote
executive privilege
Discrimination unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Delegate an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization
Filibuster
Boost!
Boost!
Revolving door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants
equality of opportunity everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts
Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking
Frozen!
Frozen!
the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
On background
Boost!
Boost!
determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight
Judicial restraint
Constituent
an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation
Party machine a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent
writ of habeas corpus
Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power
Precedent
writ of certiorari
Civil liberties constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.
Due process
Frozen!
Frozen!
a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party
Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation
Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation
Full faith and credit
Straw Poll
Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
War Powers Act of 1973 a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices
Policy adoption the approval of a policy by legislation
Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Ex post facto law a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed
Majority opinion the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
Player 1 wins!

Player 2 wins!
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