Advice and consent
government corporation
corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
Categorical grants
federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached
writ of habeas corpus
executive privilege
a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers
Federal budget
amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year
generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation
the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Public opinion
under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
Maintaining elections
the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary
Procedural Due Process
method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Political party
Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
Participatory democracy
citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;
Lemon test
test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent
Grants-in-aid
programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Cloture
Single-member districts
only one representative is chosen from each legislative district
Platform
a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank
door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants
Discrimination
unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Mandatory spending
spending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments
Conservative
a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,
written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction
Substantive due process
the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
Full faith and credit
clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4
Entitlement
