Hyde Amendment (1976)Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
Primary electionnominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
Entitlementgovernment benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
Margin of errorthe percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common
the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Devolution
Electoratepeople qualified to vote
Governmentthe formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
government corporationcorporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).
attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods
Soft moneymoney used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission
Good-faith exceptiona rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio
method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Independent executive agencyan agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment
Retrospectivevoting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
Public opiniona collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy
Discriminationunfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Grants-in-aidprograms, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Direct democracydemocracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy
De jure segregationsegregation segregation that results from law
powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office
Hate speechoffensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment
Veto
a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)
common policy concerns
Federal questiona question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
Sound bitea very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio
allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees
Closed conventiona party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
Subsidya sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
Liberal
Representative democracy
Superdelegatesparty officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
Midterm electionscongressional elections held between presidential elections
Keynesian economics
Legislative vetowhen Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
independentspeople who have no party affiliation
Primary electionnominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
speech plus
a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
Redistrictingthe process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Declaration of Independencedrafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain
Political socializationcomplex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004)US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
Progressive
SuperPACpolitical organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections
Progressive taxa tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example
Impoundment
Judicial restraintholds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
Direct primaryparty members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
Public policythe exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
Natural rightsbasic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny
Bicameral legislaturea two-house legislature
stare decisislet the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases