AP Government duel

Delegated powers

attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

Concurrent powers governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments

"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for

executive privilege

Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

stare decisis

joint resolution

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

National debt amount of money owed by the government

Closed primary a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party

speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order

the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

Loose Constructionist

Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

At-large

powers enumerated in the Constitution

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

Dissenting opinion

when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

Incrementalism small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase

Caucus

Liberal

when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

Recall special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Bill

Moderate person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

Federalism a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Due process protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments

Diplomacy the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

Hard money money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

On deep background

agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

Socialism

Inherent powers

Articles of Confederation

Popular Socereignty

franking privilege

amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

DC v. Heller (2008) Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago

all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

Establishment clause prohibits the establishment of a national religion

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Executive order action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Maintaining elections traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

Ideology

Procedural Due Process method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures

to social norms and values, tough on criminals

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

End this game?