AP Government duel

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

Extradition states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor

Trustee

National debt amount of money owed by the government

writ of habeas corpus

DC v. Heller (2008) Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago

Discharge petition

the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

Closed rule

Keynesian economics

Moderate

Implied powers powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission

let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

Privileges and Immunities Clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states

Expressed powers powers enumerated in the Constitution

speech plus verbal and symbolic speech used together

On background information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

Free rider

Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Strict constitutionalist

gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Deficit

Fiscal federalism

Deviating election minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters

determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Off year election

Eminent domain allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid

Federal budget decicit the difference in any year between government spending and government revenue

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Implied powers powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause

De jure segregation

a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered

Exclusionary rule

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Trial balloon tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction

allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

people qualified to vote

Incumbent the person currently holding office

Leak

Mandates

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Hyde Amendment (1976) Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.

Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability

powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Voter turnout the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

End this game?