AP Government duel

Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

Incumbent the person currently holding office

Open rule

allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

election commission a commission delegated to supervise an election

Grants-in-aid

On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Limited Government a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority

Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Nonpartisan election an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

Off year election an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election

the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Cloture

Inherent powers

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Ratification method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law

Straight-ticket voting

a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

Full faith and credit

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

powers enumerated in the Constitution

allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Judicial branch

Procedural due process

Bench trial

Commerce and slave trade compromise

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment

Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

Civil liberties

Incumbent the person currently holding office

mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission

Miranda warning

Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

Party realignment a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt

Fighting words speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order

Privileges and Immunities Clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states

Open convention

Deregulation the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Individualism

basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Closed rule

Monetary policy economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

District courts lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor

a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

Limited Government a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority

End this game?