Motor Voter Law
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.
Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Enumerated powers
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Frozen!
Judicial Review
Government the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
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Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation
Libel
franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government
Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
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Politico
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Frozen!
Maintaining elections traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty
Due process protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
Referendum
Majority-minority districts
Fighting words speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order
Administrative Discretion the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
Media event a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light
resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years
Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power
seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
Amicus curiae brief
Judicial restraint holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Brief
a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally
Block grants grants federal funds given to the states for programs in broad policy areas with few, if any, restrictions
The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Casework
Incrementalism
Three-fifths compromise agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation
Initiative allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level
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Frozen!
Delegate an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
Gatekeepers
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Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives
Courts of Appeal
the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights
information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
independents people who have no party affiliation
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Frozen!
Equal Protection Clause constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally
speech plus verbal and symbolic speech used together
De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law
Cooperative federalism
Strict constitutionalist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution
method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.
Procedural due process Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.
Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
Constitution
Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
Get-out-the-vote
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economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve
Political party Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation
Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
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Incorrect!
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