AP Government duel

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.

programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

Direct democracy

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?

Separation of powers practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Fiscal federalism a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles

Deregulation the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Strict constitutionalist

Devolution

Political action committees (PAC$)

a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Mass media

Fighting words

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

On background information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment

Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Supremacy clause

Diplomacy the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office

Lobbying attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

election commission

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Substantive due process

Moderate person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

Veto

double jeopardy

Bench trial a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability

Good-faith exception a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio

Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

Procedural Due Process

Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation

lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

Incumbency

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Realignment a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support

Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Redistricting the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Categorical grants

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Hyde Amendment (1976)

End this game?