Marble vs. layer cake federalism
Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Direct democracy
democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy
Fiscal policy
how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
Caucus (congressional)
On deep background
information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source
conformity
to social norms and values, tough on criminals
Party realignment
a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt
weak government
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?
The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Procedural due process
Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.
writ of certiorari
Keynesian economics
the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Trustee
War Powers Act of 1973
a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held
a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy
Political action committees (PAC$)
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee
Judicial branch
when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.
Federalist
constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.
a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit
Bill of attainder
a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally
allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid
citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;
Diplomacy
the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
Unfunded mandates
mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary
an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
