AP Government duel

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

verbal and symbolic speech used together

Casework services performed by an elected official for constituents

the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Fiscal policy how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy

Federalism a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

Recall special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

Discretionary spending

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?

Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

National debt

information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

a program intended to give a boost of preference to minority applicants over white applicants in contracting, employment, housing, and college or professional school admissions

Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

Roe v. Wade (1973)

representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction

Lobbying attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Categorical grants federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

De jure segregation

writ of certiorari a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy

Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions

election commission a commission delegated to supervise an election

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

On background

Judicial restraint holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution

Declaration of Independence drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain

Iron triangle alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

weak government

the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.

Procedural Due Process

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission

Interest group

citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;

Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Reapportionment redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

At-large

Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

Expressed powers powers enumerated in the Constitution

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).

a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

Anti-Federalists

New Jersey v. TLO (1985) Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Lobbying attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

End this game?