AP Government duel

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Impoundment refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

the person currently holding office

Rider

Slander false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

an individual who benefits from the activities of an interest group but does not support the group either financially or through active participation

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Precedent

Closed primary

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment

Divided government

Judicial branch responsible for interpreting and applying the laws; in the federal government it consists of the US district

the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.

Midterm elections congressional elections held between presidential elections

Subsidy

that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized

Participatory democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;

holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution

Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004)

jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Libel

Gender gap a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Conservative

Bench trial a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability

Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Blanket primary

interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts

extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Candidate

Realigning election

equality of opportunity

the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot

Republic a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

De facto segregation

Legislative veto

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Procedural due process Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it will be presented

Referendum a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Discretionary spending

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Closed convention a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Implied powers powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause

Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government

Incorporation application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment

End this game?