Equal Protection Clause constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Federalism a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states
Maintaining elections traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty
Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation
those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights
De jure segregation
Procedural due process Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.
independents people who have no party affiliation
Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
At-large
Motor Voter Law
Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder
Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy
Impeachment bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette
Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder
De facto segregation
Progressive tax
Appellate courts courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law
Good-faith exception
Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
Symbolic speech
General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents
Frozen!
Frozen!
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Conference committee a committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress
Closed primary a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party
Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison
Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts
Impoundment
the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
stare decisis let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Gerrymandering drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another
Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
Prince v. Massachusetts
Pure speech
Referendum a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct
Natural rights basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny
Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"
Legislative courts
Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
Powell v. Alabama (1932) The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected
Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls
Impeachment
election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or
Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may
Marble vs. layer cake federalism
Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Independent executive agency
Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years
Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
Nonpartisan election
Frozen!
Frozen!
Conservative
Cloture
Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"
original jurisdiction the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government
Administrative Discretion
SuperPAC political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections
Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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Player 2 wins!
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