Gender gap
Frozen!
Frozen!
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Boost!
The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"
Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may
Lemon v. Kurtzman Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.
Honeymoon period
franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
President Pro Tempore
Deviating election
Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder
Political agenda
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Boost!
Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission
Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
Logrolling
Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Categorical grants
Pardon
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette 1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.
a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls
Primary election
Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts
Straight-ticket voting
Deficit
method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Party dealignment
election commission
Closed convention a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
Exit poll
Independent regulatory agency
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Boost!
executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers
common policy concerns an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization
allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
Straight-ticket voting voting for candidates all of the same party
allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
Cabinet government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity
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Policy evaluation
Impeachment bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives
Runoff primary when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary
Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government
Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally
the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
Frozen!
Frozen!
Civil rights positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.
a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example
segregation that results from living patterns rather than law
the approval of a policy by legislation
Iron triangle alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
services performed by an elected official for constituents
Dual Federalism
Policy implementation carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts
Superdelegates
Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation
Closed rule a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered
the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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Player 2 wins!
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