Civil libertiesconstitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.
clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4
Enumerated powerspowers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government
Closed rulea rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered
Moderateperson whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
Delegatean elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
Conference committee
the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public
Separation of powerspractice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches
requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal
North American Free Trade Agreementcreated to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs
Iron trianglealliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
Discretionary spendingfederal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power
Legislative Branchunder Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
Joint committeea committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation
Concurrent jurisdictionjurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts
Federal budget
Frozen!
Frozen!
people qualified to vote
executive privilege
Direct democracy
Get-out-the-vote
Entitlement
Straw Polla poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes
Electoral Collegerepresentatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
Hard moneymoney used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal
Administrative Discretionthe flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
Party realignmenta shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt
Conference committee
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Deviating election
Individualism
Discretionary spendingfederal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
Congressional reviewCongress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution
powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government
Select committeea temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees
Federal question
Closed rulea rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered
Off year electionan election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
Dual Federalisma model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government
a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
Procedural Due Processmethod of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Motor Voter Law
Political agendaissues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power
Dissenting opinion
Legislative courtscourts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Governmentthe formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
Politics
a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy
Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracyseen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
Lemon v. KurtzmanCreates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.
Precedentstandards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
Libertarianismpeople who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
Federalist Paperswritten by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction
Coattaileffect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most