Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional
complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal
Grassroots lobbying organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
Independent executive agency
Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or
tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction
On deep background
Cloture a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
Anti-Federalists
Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission
Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
Ratification
Symbolic speech using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea
Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Administrative Discretion the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
Block grants
Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices
US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
Loose Constructionist
a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
Separation of powers practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches
Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.
centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation
Mass media
Divided government one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress
Slander false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties
Declaration of Independence
a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy
Boost!
Boost!
Incrementalism small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase
Progressive generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation
conformity to social norms and values, tough on criminals
Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress
Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation
a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Dual Federalism a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
Privileges and Immunities Clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts
Initiative allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level
Constituency
Direct democracy
Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices
Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
double jeopardy a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
Categorical grants
Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional
party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
Political action committees (PAC$)
Open primary
Frozen!
Frozen!
Strict constitutionalist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution
representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
Frozen!
Frozen!
Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views
Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share
Closed rule a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
Player 1 wins!

Player 2 wins!
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