the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Libel
Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions
Enumerated powers powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Pluralist theory of democracy
DC v. Heller (2008)
Prince v. Massachusetts
Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party
Policy implementation
Regressive tax a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive
Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
Frozen!
Frozen!
a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed
refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
De jure segregation segregation segregation that results from law
Representative democracy
Commerce and slave trade compromise
an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government
Boost!
Boost!
Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government
Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law
Incorporation application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment
Deregulation
Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state
Open convention
Reapportionment
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure
Runoff primary
Grassroots lobbying organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution
Policy implementation carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts
a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation
Legislative Branch under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy
Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?
Frozen!
Frozen!
an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term
Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties
Redistricting
Ex post facto law
Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison
the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government
Motor Voter Law
Boost!
Boost!
Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Policy adoption
Dual Federalism a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights
At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative
Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment
Cloture a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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Player 2 wins!
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