Fiscal policyhow the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters
The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Candidate
Cloturea method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties
Due process
Political efficacybelief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking
Sound bite
Legislative courts
Recess appointmenta presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation
Logrollingthe exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Policy formulationthe development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda
Margin of errorthe percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common
Reapportionment
government corporationcorporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
Joint committeea committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation
powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause
a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor; requires 218 votes
government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
Progressive
Off year electionan election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
Brief
Realignmenta shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support
Motor Voter Law
Party dealignment
Loose Constructionist
the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot
all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
General election
Reapportionmentredistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution
Political action committees (PAC$)extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
Primary electionnominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
Platform
Barnettte v. McColummUpholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale
Amendmenta revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
Billa draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.
the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Pocket vetowhen the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
Judicial restraintholds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
Exit polla poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Rideran addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
Conference committeea committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress
Pardona convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national
double jeopardy
Devolutionan effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?
Checks and balancesa system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches
De jure segregationsegregation segregation that results from law
Concurrent powersgovernmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
On the record informationprovided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name
Single-member districtsonly one representative is chosen from each legislative district
Closed rulea rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered
Constituentall residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members
Lemon v. KurtzmanCreates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.
Dissenting opinion
alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees