Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years
Boost!
Boost!
Party realignment a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt
Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Independent regulatory agency an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term
Anti-Federalists those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights
Expressed powers powers enumerated in the Constitution
Natural rights basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny
Dissenting opinion opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion
Democracy
Incumbency effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office
Referendum a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct
Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Front loading
Deficit
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Split-ticket voting
Frozen!
Frozen!
prior restraint
Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
Bicameral legislature
Off year election an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
Establishment clause prohibits the establishment of a national religion
Blanket primary a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another
Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or
Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example
Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives
the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution
Appellate courts courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law
Media event a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light
Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
Delegated powers powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
Concurring opinion
writ of habeas corpus a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
Courts of Appeal
Incumbent
locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Off year election an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit
Boost!
Boost!
Federal budget decicit
Boost!
Boost!
Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright
Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions
the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
Checks and balances
Eminent domain allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid
Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
Frozen!
Frozen!
Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Frozen!
Frozen!
Judicial activism a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
Rule of four a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
Policy adoption the approval of a policy by legislation
Fiscal policy how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
National debt amount of money owed by the government
Elastic clause the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Appellate courts
Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation
Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views
Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
Player 1 wins!

Player 2 wins!
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