supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
election commission
a commission delegated to supervise an election
De jure segregation
segregation segregation that results from law
Concurrent jurisdiction
jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts
Rider
an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
Unanimous consent
Open convention
a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
Devolution
Majority leader
the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
Ratification
Casework
services performed by an elected official for constituents
pork-barrel legislation
legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Off year election
the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts
to social norms and values, tough on criminals
Realigning election
when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election
Random sampling
when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
Independent regulatory agency
an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term
Liberal
a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Open rule
in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
Monetary policy
Prospective voting
Federalist Papers
Independent executive agency
Establishment clause
1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.
Individualism
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
