Fiscal federalism
a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states
action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review
Libel
false written statements about others that harm their reputation
Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Congressional review
Hard money
money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal
Progressive
generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation
Federal budget
amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year
Judicial activism
a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
Nonpartisan election
Declaration of Independence
Representative democracy
citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Rider
an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
Realignment
Coattail
effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
Gridlock
when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Delegated powers
powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
Closed rule
a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered
Bench trial
Sound bite
Executive agreement
agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
Rule of four
a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
Maintaining elections
traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty
Federal question
Full faith and credit
clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4
Deficit
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs
