Miranda warning
the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government
Hyde Amendment (1976)
Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
Incumbent
Recall
special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term
Policy evaluation
Congressional review
Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution
unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Logrolling
Appellate jurisdiction
jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears
organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Platform
a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank
Categorical grants
federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached
Concurrent jurisdiction
jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts
Agenda setting
Subsidy
a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision
services performed by an elected official for constituents
Runoff primary
when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary
seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
Party machine
a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
Party dealignment
weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties
Caucus
locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
executive privilege
a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers
Redistricting
the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives
