AP Government duel

verbal communication of ideas and opinions

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938)

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

Political party Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government

Due process protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments

Substantive due process

Leak

settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

segregation segregation that results from law

money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission

Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Deficit government spending exceeds revenue

amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

Executive order action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

Subsidy

Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law

everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

Civil liberties constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.

Redistricting the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

powers enumerated in the Constitution

On the record information provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Discharge petition a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor; requires 218 votes

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

Bill of attainder

Procedural due process

government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

Casework services performed by an elected official for constituents

a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank

Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

grants federal funds given to the states for programs in broad policy areas with few, if any, restrictions

Courts of Appeal

Ratification

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment

Civil liberties constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support

Republic a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

Nonpartisan election

Public policy the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

End this game?