AP Government duel

a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

Get-out-the-vote

Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

Divided government

joint resolution A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Unfunded mandates mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

Due process protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments

Individualism

the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common

a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Judicial activism a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Powell v. Alabama (1932)

Federalist supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

Midterm elections congressional elections held between presidential elections

courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

Pure speech

a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

Caucus (congressional)

Direct democracy

Separation of powers

Congressional review

a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

prohibits the establishment of a national religion

Symbolic speech using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation

Split-ticket voting

Realigning election

Incumbent the person currently holding office

Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

verbal communication of ideas and opinions

Referendum

Ex post facto law

Powell v. Alabama (1932) The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

Socialism

the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

Unanimous consent

West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette

Legislative Branch under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Checks and balances a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment

the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

End this game?