AP Government duel

Impeachment bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

Cabinet government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally

Voter turnout the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot

Independent executive agency

Policy implementation carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Dealigning

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

writ of certiorari a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population

protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments

Media event

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy

a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power

Soft money

Straight-ticket voting

Deficit government spending exceeds revenue

powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office

Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

Establishment clause prohibits the establishment of a national religion

verbal and symbolic speech used together

Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

amount of money owed by the government

Maintaining elections

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

Dual Federalism

Separation of powers

Implied powers powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause

Impoundment

Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

Slander false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Lemon v. Kurtzman Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

Iron triangle

Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally

Procedural due process

Unfunded mandates mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

Logrolling

economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

the person currently holding office

Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

End this game?