AP Government duel

a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released

a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light

Deviating election minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters

a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

Impoundment

Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

Barnettte v. McColumm

Retrospective

Dual Federalism a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"

Direct democracy democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy

powers enumerated in the Constitution

extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Government

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Rider

Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

stare decisis let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

National debt

sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions

Federal budget decicit

courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

Open rule

when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary

Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Rule of four a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case

a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Symbolic speech using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Lobbying

a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension

spending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

joint resolution A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

Get-out-the-vote

Civil liberties constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.

a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Cloture

false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

equality of opportunity

Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

Rider an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally

Impoundment

Judicial restraint holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution

one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Blanket primary

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

End this game?