an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure
Independent executive agency
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
Civil liberties
constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.
Constituent
all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members
let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
Concurrent jurisdiction
Referendum
allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level
when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution
Judicial activism
a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
Bill
a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.
On deep background
information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source
Honeymoon period
De facto segregation
segregation that results from living patterns rather than law
Prince v. Massachusetts
Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder
Majority-minority districts
Deficit
government spending exceeds revenue
Open convention
a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
On the record information
Executive agreement
agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
Legislative Branch
under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
Straight-ticket voting
