AP Government duel

Casework

Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

Procedural due process Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

War Powers Act of 1973

Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

Implied powers powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause

weak government

Delegated powers

President Pro Tempore

basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny

Advice and consent the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties

Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Connecticut (Great) Compromise

the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common

Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Federalist

Appellate courts courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law

Checks and balances

Discharge petition

Bench trial a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability

Direct democracy democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy

Incumbency

Judicial Review

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Rider

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Maintaining elections traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

Blanket primary a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

joint resolution

Full faith and credit

Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees

Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

De jure segregation segregation segregation that results from law

Policy implementation

a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case

when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Patronage

a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Joint committee

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally

Regressive tax a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

Political socialization

a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Random sampling

End this game?