supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
Frozen!
Frozen!
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election commissiona commission delegated to supervise an election
De jure segregationsegregation segregation that results from law
Concurrent jurisdictionjurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts
Rideran addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
Unanimous consent
Open conventiona party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
Devolution
Majority leaderthe elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
Ratification
Caseworkservices performed by an elected official for constituents
pork-barrel legislationlegislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Off year election
the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts
to social norms and values, tough on criminals
Realigning electionwhen a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election
Random sampling
when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
Independent regulatory agencyan agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term
Liberala person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Open rulein the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
Monetary policy
Prospective voting
Federalist Papers
Independent executive agency
Establishment clause
1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.
Individualism
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
Interest groupa group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy
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Frozen!
Hate speech
Cloturea method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution
standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name
Closed conventiona party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
Patronagethe system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
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equality of opportunity
Symbolic speech
citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Political ideology
Conservativea person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,
Direct primary
distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state
Policy evaluationdetermines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight
Bicameral legislaturea two-house legislature
Recallspecial election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term
Logrollingthe exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
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Powell v. Alabama (1932)The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Closed rule
Superdelegatesparty officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
Extradition
minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters
people who have no party affiliation
an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
Critical electionssharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions
powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause
Conference committeea committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress