a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party
stare decisis
Mass media
Dealignment
when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party
drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another
Full faith and credit
clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Cloture
a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction
Incumbent
Reserved powers
under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Gridlock
executive privilege
a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers
President Pro Tempore
serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Popular Socereignty
basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power
Advice and consent
the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Impoundment
refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Commerce and slave trade compromise
resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years
Judicial review
authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
Keynesian economics
the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio
Closed primary
a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party
Amendment
a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
segregation segregation that results from law
corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
Public policy
Ratification
method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law
Political party
Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
