Free rider
Dealigning
election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or
effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
Barnettte v. McColumm
Delegated powers
powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
Unitary system
a political system in which all power is derived from the central government
Iron triangle
Deregulation
the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers
Discrimination
unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Brief
a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit
verbal and symbolic speech used together
Judicial Review
Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison
Administrative Discretion
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).
Advice and consent
Rider
speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order
Blanket primary
a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another
complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Line item veto
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)
gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
Federalist
supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
Party machine
a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
pork-barrel legislation
legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Articles of Confederation
the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited
Interest group
a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy
rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
Deficit
government spending exceeds revenue
Media event
a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
