Limited Governmenta governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority
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Legislative Branchunder Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
weak governmentgovernment that has limited control over economy or personal lives
clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4
Bill of attaindera law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally
Reserved powers
Mass media
Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.
Mandatory spendingspending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Conference committeea committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress
Floor leaders
Appellate jurisdiction
Political socializationcomplex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Advice and consentthe Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
Legislative vetowhen Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Redistrictingthe process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight
allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level
double jeopardya rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
Judicial reviewauthority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
Grassroots lobbying
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Deregulationthe process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers
effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
Monetary policyeconomic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve
Unitary systema political system in which all power is derived from the central government
a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette
Party realignmenta shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt
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Motor Voter Lawallows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
Filibuster
Legislative veto
election commissiona commission delegated to supervise an election
Elite Theory of Democracythe idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization
Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent
all the voters of a state or county elect their representative
Gatekeepersmedia executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it will be presented
Concurring opinion
the development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda
Mass mediaall forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Redistrictingthe process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Full faith and credit
Politicoa member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)
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Floor leadersdirect majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate
De facto segregationsegregation that results from living patterns rather than law
Federal systema political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government
Congressional reviewCongress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution
Cooperative federalism
President Pro Temporeserves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Unitary system
effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office
Representative democracycitizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Judicial activisma judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
amount of money owed by the government
Straight-ticket voting
a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party
Bicameral legislaturea two-house legislature
jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears