AP Government duel

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Impeachment bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy

Lobbying

Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

Federalism

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority

Strict constitutionalist

clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

New Jersey v. TLO (1985)

interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts

Midterm elections

Appellate courts

Rider an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

On background

those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights

let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power

Appellate jurisdiction jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment

Marble vs. layer cake federalism

Progressive generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Platform a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

the approval of a policy by legislation

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Due process

Legislative veto

The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Unanimous consent an agreement by every senator to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).

action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Participatory democracy

Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

Straight-ticket voting voting for candidates all of the same party

Political efficacy

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Public policy

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