AP Government duel

Iron triangle alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Enumerated powers powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation

Mandatory spending

Advice and consent

Individualism

prior restraint

Policy adoption

Off the record information

Lobbying

Veto

seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Rules committee

North American Free Trade Agreement created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Hyde Amendment (1976)

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Strict constitutionalist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support

a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered

Standing committee

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

Political agenda

the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

Symbolic speech using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Initiative allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

Revolving door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants

political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections

DC v. Heller (2008) Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago

a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party

Concurring opinion justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office

Party realignment a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt

Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

Issue networks

Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

Executive order action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Individualism

refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation

Realignment

Expressed powers powers enumerated in the Constitution

stare decisis let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

Sound bite

all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Government

Policy adoption

Leak

a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case

Coattail effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette 1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

End this game?