AP Government duel

a commission delegated to supervise an election

President Pro Tempore

Logrolling the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Agenda setting

special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

On background information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released

Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

Deviating election

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

At-large

Initiative

Powell v. Alabama (1932) The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

Pardon a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power

a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive

On deep background

Open rule in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation

effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office

Superdelegates

Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Plurality vote

door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants

DC v. Heller (2008)

Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy

jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears

let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term

Closed primary

Free exercise clause

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy

the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).

pork-barrel legislation

Honeymoon period the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

Appellate courts courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law

Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

Select committee

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Unitary system

Straight-ticket voting

a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party

when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

government corporation corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

End this game?