AP Government duel

a poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

Participatory democracy

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

common policy concerns an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions

Ratification method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law

Unfunded mandates

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

Pardon a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited

Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another

Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Congressional review

Trustee after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

Dissenting opinion opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion

authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

Filibuster

Full faith and credit

all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Rules committee determines the rules for debate for bills in the House

Equal Protection Clause constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally

Implied powers

Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

Superdelegates

Extradition states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

Unfunded mandates mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

Trustee

minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters

Commerce and slave trade compromise

generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government

Political socialization

Due process

Hate speech

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Block grants grants federal funds given to the states for programs in broad policy areas with few, if any, restrictions

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Closed convention a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

equality of opportunity

stare decisis let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population

De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

weak government

government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

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