AP Government duel

Front loading the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

franking privilege

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

War Powers Act of 1973 a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension

Strict constitutionalist

Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

Maintaining elections

Commerce and slave trade compromise

Popular Socereignty

Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

New Jersey v. TLO (1985) Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections

a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Libertarianism

a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

Impoundment

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

On the record information

Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president

Concurrent powers governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments

Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles

Politico a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)

a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

Iron triangle

writ of habeas corpus

complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Judicial review

Procedural due process

drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another

Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure

Fiscal federalism a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

Eminent domain allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid

Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Trustee

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties

a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending

action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Straw Poll

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

End this game?