AP Government duel

Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Off year election an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election

a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank

a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

Independent regulatory agency

Pluralist theory of democracy

Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president

Political ideology

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Federal system

Republic a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

Reapportionment

Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Establishment clause

verbal communication of ideas and opinions

General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

Procedural Due Process method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures

Executive agreement

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

De jure segregation

justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

Policy adoption the approval of a policy by legislation

Monetary policy economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

Politics method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government

Rule of four

a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review

Delegate

false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

Political agenda

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?

Judicial activism

Moderate person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Closed convention a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Direct democracy

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party

the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

Filibuster

Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

Libel

War Powers Act of 1973 a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension

Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Trustee

party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Federal question

End this game?