Free rider an individual who benefits from the activities of an interest group but does not support the group either financially or through active participation
Frozen!
Frozen!
At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative
Rules committee determines the rules for debate for bills in the House
belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking
Whip
Boost!
Boost!
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government
Gerrymandering
Procedural Due Process
a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example
Anti-Federalists
Devolution
Strict constitutionalist
Limited Government
Ex post facto law a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed
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Boost!
SuperPAC
Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
Deficit
Extradition states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor
Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government
Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale
Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals
President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election
Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll
stare decisis let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
Checks and balances a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches
Rule of four a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties
Frozen!
Frozen!
executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers
Nonpartisan election
writ of certiorari
DC v. Heller (2008)
Boost!
Boost!
Discrimination
Impoundment refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election
traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty
Elastic clause the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election
a political system in which all power is derived from the central government
Voter turnout the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot
attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods
Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional
Boost!
Boost!
a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive
Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Procedural Due Process method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Due process protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause
a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal
Exclusionary rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Public policy the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
Dealigning
the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years
Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts
Supremacy clause
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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Player 2 wins!
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