AP Government duel

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

Civil rights positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.

A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Divided government one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Strict constitutionalist

government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights

Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

people who have no party affiliation

Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

Subsidy

Standing committee

speech plus verbal and symbolic speech used together

Get-out-the-vote

Civil liberties constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.

Gender gap

Concurrent powers

drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Separation of powers practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

Issue networks

De jure segregation segregation segregation that results from law

provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

Expressed powers powers enumerated in the Constitution

Single-member districts

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Politics

a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released

General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Advice and consent the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties

Keynesian economics

Open rule in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation

Brief

Implied powers

Appellate courts

Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Progressive generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation

people qualified to vote

agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Cloture a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster

segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Free exercise clause

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

New Jersey v. TLO (1985) Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

Executive order

interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts

Inherent powers

End this game?