AP Government duel

Blanket primary a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another

Civil liberties constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.

Libertarianism

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Checks and balances a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states

Free rider

Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

Establishment clause prohibits the establishment of a national religion

Casework services performed by an elected official for constituents

Recall special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

Democracy

conformity

Straight-ticket voting

Hate speech offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment

Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Administrative Discretion the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.

Impoundment

the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power

North American Free Trade Agreement created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Inherent powers powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office

Platform

using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

Divided government one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Lemon v. Kurtzman Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Federalist supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

Trustee after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

Exit poll

Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

Realigning election

Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Dissenting opinion

Loose Constructionist the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority

jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears

Independent executive agency an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president

Grassroots lobbying

Recess appointment

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

Unfunded mandates

Rider

practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

End this game?