Precedent
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Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.
Caucus (congressional)
Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state
Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate
when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Trial balloon
a two-house legislature
Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Front loading the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election
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Rules committee determines the rules for debate for bills in the House
locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission
a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability
Discrimination unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio
Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Political party
authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
Commerce and slave trade compromise
Closed primary a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party
Connecticut (Great) Compromise settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
Unanimous consent
Pocket veto
Barnettte v. McColumm Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale
Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions
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Policy adoption the approval of a policy by legislation
Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation
the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
Opinion leaders
Moderate person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
Political agenda
Politics
On deep background
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Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
Fiscal federalism
Affirmative action
Majority opinion
Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Exit poll a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Federalist supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
Direct primary
Dissenting opinion opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion
Apportionment
Policy implementation carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts
Platform a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank
Open rule in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
De jure segregation segregation segregation that results from law
a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
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