Discrimination unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"
Republic a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy
Supremacy clause national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
Libertarianism
governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
Betts v. Brady (1942)
Floor leaders direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate
standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress
Political action committees (PAC$)
Grassroots lobbying organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
National debt amount of money owed by the government
the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
Standing committee
Off the record information
Fiscal policy
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution
Party machine a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts
Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party
Media event a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light
states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor
Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
North American Free Trade Agreement created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs
Select committee
states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Grassroots lobbying organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
Cabinet
Declaration of Independence
a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Filibuster
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank
Due process protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district
Political agenda
Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,
Incumbency effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office
Policy formulation the development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda
a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
Civil rights
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette 1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.
verbal and symbolic speech used together
Recess appointment
a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure
Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
Cooperative federalism "marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Government the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
Off the record information
Unfunded mandates mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary
bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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