AP Government duel

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Ratification

that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized

joint resolution

Judicial restraint

Mandates

On background

Trustee

Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office

the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

Deficit government spending exceeds revenue

Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

election commission

Select committee

method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government

Impoundment refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Symbolic speech using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

a committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress

amount of money owed by the government

President Pro Tempore

Voter turnout the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot

Cabinet government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

common policy concerns an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

Commerce and slave trade compromise

Recess appointment

Bicameral legislature a two-house legislature

Impoundment refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

Republic

Prospective voting

seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Enumerated powers powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

Federal system

Dissenting opinion

a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Whip a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Federal budget

Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law

constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally

Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Logrolling the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Legislative veto

independents people who have no party affiliation

Open rule in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation

End this game?