Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct
the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers
Diplomacy
Establishment clause
Keynesian economicsthe belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Majority leaderthe elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity
Select committeea temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees
amount of money owed by the government
serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
Democracy
locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Constituencyservice casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
Fiscal federalism
Boost!
Boost!
Dissenting opinionopinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion
Hyde Amendment (1976)Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
Boost!
Boost!
Delegated powerspowers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
Margin of errorthe percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common
Equal Protection Clauseconstitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally
Rules committeedetermines the rules for debate for bills in the House
Get-out-the-votea campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls
Party dealignment
Limited Governmenta governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority
a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
Entitlementgovernment benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
Direct primaryparty members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
North American Free Trade Agreementcreated to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs
Frozen!
Frozen!
pork-barrel legislationlegislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Electorate
Boost!
Boost!
identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve
a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another
original jurisdiction
a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government
Policy adoptionthe approval of a policy by legislation
Limited Governmenta governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority
Hate speechoffensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment
Political ideology
a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national
Impoundmentrefusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracyseen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
Symbolic speechusing actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea
Cabinet
Dealignment
requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal
Democracya system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation
Marble vs. layer cake federalism
Prince v. MassachusettsReligion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder
Advice and consentthe Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
Grassroots lobbyingorganizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Casework
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).