AP Government duel

Good-faith exception

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

Dual Federalism

a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light

Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common

voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

Honeymoon period the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

to social norms and values, tough on criminals

Regressive tax

Initiative

people qualified to vote

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)

Dissenting opinion

a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

Barnettte v. McColumm Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale

Amicus curiae brief

Full faith and credit clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

Grassroots lobbying

refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

North American Free Trade Agreement created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Symbolic speech

Individualism the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government

Constitution

speech plus verbal and symbolic speech used together

Unfunded mandates mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Categorical grants

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

Appellate jurisdiction

Extradition states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor

unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership

when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

Reapportionment redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Sound bite

Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status

Senatorial courtesy

Enumerated powers

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office

the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Deviating election

Runoff primary when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary

franking privilege allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Patronage

End this game?