Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure
Boost!
Boost!
Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
Majority opinion the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision
Conservative
Bicameral legislature
Slander false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Frozen!
Frozen!
the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
Whip
Affirmative action a program intended to give a boost of preference to minority applicants over white applicants in contracting, employment, housing, and college or professional school admissions
Discharge petition
Casework
a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national
Supremacy clause
Dissenting opinion
Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation
Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote
responsible for interpreting and applying the laws; in the federal government it consists of the US district
Off year election an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability
Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles
Interest group
The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Primary election
allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
Executive order
Deviating election minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters
a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case
Frozen!
Frozen!
Government
Fiscal policy how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
Boost!
Boost!
Hyde Amendment (1976) Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
Lobbying attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods
the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision
government spending exceeds revenue
Policy implementation carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts
Three-fifths compromise
Frozen!
Frozen!
gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
original jurisdiction the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government
Elite Theory of Democracy
Checks and balances a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches
government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
Gerrymandering drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another
Constitution
Reapportionment
a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure
Nonpartisan election an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).
Republic
Straw Poll a poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes
Margin of error
On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source
Barnettte v. McColumm Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale
Policy adoption the approval of a policy by legislation
Politico
Moderate person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent
national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
Frozen!
Frozen!
tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
Player 1 wins!

Player 2 wins!
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