AP Government duel

Loose Constructionist the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

executive privilege

Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Recall special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

General election

pork-barrel legislation

Subsidy

Barnettte v. McColumm

Trustee after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

Politico

Logrolling the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

Due process

Affirmative action

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

Closed primary a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party

Appellate jurisdiction jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears

Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

Appellate courts

Random sampling

complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Pure speech verbal communication of ideas and opinions

determines the rules for debate for bills in the House

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Equal Protection Clause constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally

belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

Patronage the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party

federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Procedural due process Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Initiative allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

Incrementalism

Discrimination

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

weak government

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

responsible for interpreting and applying the laws; in the federal government it consists of the US district

On background

the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Divided government

Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Closed primary a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party

Whip a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party

Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

Honeymoon period the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

Recall special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

government corporation corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service

Midterm elections

Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Majority-minority districts

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

End this game?