AP Government duel

National debt

Fiscal policy how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy

false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

Open convention

Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid

Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

Barnettte v. McColumm Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

On background

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Political party Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government

Get-out-the-vote

Ideology a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

Progressive generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation

States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

joint resolution

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Reapportionment

Logrolling

the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

SuperPAC

Party realignment

Lemon v. Kurtzman Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

Margin of error the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common

verbal and symbolic speech used together

sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions

Referendum a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted

Mass media

Party machine a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt

Diplomacy the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending

the approval of a policy by legislation

created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Coattail effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

Earmark

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Before police interrogate, suspect must learn of rights like the Fifth Amendment

Powell v. Alabama (1932) The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision

Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

joint resolution

the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Sound bite

Amendment

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Politico

Enumerated powers powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

End this game?