The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Boost!
Boost!
Dual Federalisma model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
Federal question
a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party
Gridlockwhen opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Implied powers
prior restraint
programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Roe v. Wade (1973)The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Deviating election
Judicial restraintholds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
Policy adoptionthe approval of a policy by legislation
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004)US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
Johnson v. Zerbst (1938)Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright
Legislative vetowhen Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Electoral Collegerepresentatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
stare decisislet the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
Elastic clausethe necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Open rulein the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
Electoratepeople qualified to vote
the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited
Split-ticket voting
Frozen!
Frozen!
Limited Government
executive privilege
Political socializationcomplex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?
Individualismthe belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government
Diplomacythe conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
Strict constitutionalist
Boost!
Boost!
writ of certioraria formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case
Categorical grantsfederal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached
Judicial activism
Interest group
Hyde Amendment (1976)Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
Participatory democracy
rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
Powell v. Alabama (1932)The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
Hate speech
Expressed powerspowers enumerated in the Constitution
Majority-minority districtsdrawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
Line item veto
Concurrent powersgovernmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)
Leak
Independent regulatory agencyan agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term
Politicoa member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)
a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party
Deregulation
Political ideologya consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy
Frozen!
Frozen!
Separation of powerspractice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches
attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods
Amicus curiae briefa brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"
Political agendaissues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power
Inherent powerspowers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office