AP Government duel

people qualified to vote

Eminent domain allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid

Revolving door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants

government corporation corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service

Declaration of Independence drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain

unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership

West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette 1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.

Delegate

"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for

Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Front loading the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

Establishment clause

a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Open convention

Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

Block grants

Expressed powers

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

Select committee

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Enumerated powers

a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

Federal question

Great compromise

a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Caucus

Judicial branch responsible for interpreting and applying the laws; in the federal government it consists of the US district

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

Trustee

Moderate person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

Checks and balances a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

Ex post facto law a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Maintaining elections traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

Devolution

Open rule in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation

powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Party dealignment weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

writ of certiorari a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

Margin of error the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common

the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.

a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party

states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states

Dissenting opinion opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion

Appellate jurisdiction jurisdiction the power a court has to review the decision of a lower court; the Supreme Court exercises appellate jurisdiction in the overwhelming majority of the cases it hears

End this game?