AP Government duel

Concurring opinion

basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny

Redistricting the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment

Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Nonpartisan election

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Coattail effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

Categorical grants

Discharge petition

Limited Government a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority

Off year election

Recall special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Constitution

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Direct democracy

Conservative

federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Voter turnout the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot

the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

Ex post facto law a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed

Diplomacy

Split-ticket voting

Retrospective

Grants-in-aid

centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts

Articles of Confederation the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited

Congressional oversight

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

War Powers Act of 1973

Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

Concurring opinion justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

speech plus verbal and symbolic speech used together

Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

an agreement by every senator to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

Incorporation application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment

Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

Affirmative action

Connecticut (Great) Compromise settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate

citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

joint resolution

Fiscal policy how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy

Media event

Lemon v. Kurtzman Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

Government the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population

minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters

those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

End this game?