AP Government duel

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Media event a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light

election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

North American Free Trade Agreement

a commission delegated to supervise an election

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Declaration of Independence drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain

Closed rule

Judicial restraint holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution

Caucus locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office

Betts v. Brady (1942)

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights

determines the rules for debate for bills in the House

Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

Coattail effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

Limited Government a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority

Party machine

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted

Hard money money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Referendum

election commission

everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

Maintaining elections traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

War Powers Act of 1973

Connecticut (Great) Compromise settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate

Implied powers

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

Honeymoon period the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

Fighting words

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Judicial restraint

executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy

Mandates

a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Exclusionary rule that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized

Entitlement government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status

Markup

Critical elections sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions

Unfunded mandates mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case

original jurisdiction

Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

Hard money money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal

Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office

Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction

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