Socialisma political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Deficit
Filibuster
prior restraintaction by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship
Great compromisea solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
double jeopardya rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary
Iron triangle
Federalism
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Realignment
Earmarka designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure
Affirmative actiona program intended to give a boost of preference to minority applicants over white applicants in contracting, employment, housing, and college or professional school admissions
the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers
Slanderfalse verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Free exercise clauseCongress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices
On backgroundinformation provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee
Incrementalism
Constitution
Hyde Amendment (1976)Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
powers enumerated in the Constitution
Issue networksthe numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles
Bicameral legislature
SuperPAC
Single-member districtsonly one representative is chosen from each legislative district
Natural rightsbasic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny
Public policy
Political partyVoluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
Leakan unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government
Hyde Amendment (1976)
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Betts v. Brady (1942)Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
Federalist Papers
those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights
Privileges and Immunities Clausestates are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
Bench triala trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability
an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
Legislative courtscourts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Front loadingthe practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election
Devolutionan effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
Ideologya consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals
Lobbyingattempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods
Executive agreementagreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
Pocket veto
Closed convention
Appellate courtscourts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law
Trial balloontests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction
Supremacy clausenational laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power
Monetary policyeconomic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve
refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Good-faith exceptiona rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio
Motor Voter Lawallows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
Full faith and creditclause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4
Majority opinion
The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)
Recess appointmenta presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation