AP Government duel

federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

Open primary

Rules committee determines the rules for debate for bills in the House

franking privilege

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

responsible for interpreting and applying the laws; in the federal government it consists of the US district

Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Participatory democracy

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Mandates requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal

a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Casework services performed by an elected official for constituents

Closed rule a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered

Get-out-the-vote

a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted

tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction

Grassroots lobbying organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy

Dual Federalism a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"

Pure speech

Civil rights

Separation of powers

Elastic clause the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers

Representative democracy citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic

Hyde Amendment (1976) Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.

Enumerated powers

jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states

a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally

a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

Legislative veto

Gatekeepers

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

Slander false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

War Powers Act of 1973 a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension

Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

Judicial activism a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy

Monetary policy economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

conformity

US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Realignment a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support

original jurisdiction

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?

political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections

Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order

pork-barrel legislation

Great compromise

Limited Government a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority

End this game?