AP Government duel

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Federal system

District courts lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

Elastic clause the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers

representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.

Runoff primary when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary

Individualism the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Ideology a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

people qualified to vote

Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

Delegated powers powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution

Issue networks

Soft money money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission

Incrementalism

On background information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

election commission a commission delegated to supervise an election

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

amount of money owed by the government

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments

The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"

Coattail effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

Media event a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light

Honeymoon period the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Amendment

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Trustee after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

Marble vs. layer cake federalism

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Block grants

War Powers Act of 1973 a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension

Whip

Politico a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

Procedural due process

Government the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy

people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Discharge petition a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor; requires 218 votes

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

Appellate courts courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law

Declaration of Independence

under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws

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