Political culturea set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
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Get-out-the-votea campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls
Ratification
that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
joint resolution
Judicial restraint
Mandates
On background
Trustee
Caucuslocally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
Deficitgovernment spending exceeds revenue
Open conventiona party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
election commission
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Select committee
method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
Impoundmentrefusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share
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Symbolic speechusing actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea
Marble vs. layer cake federalismMarble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny
Opinion leadersthose individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may
allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level
weak governmentgovernment that has limited control over economy or personal lives
a committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress
amount of money owed by the government
President Pro Tempore
Voter turnoutthe total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot
Cabinetgovernment departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity
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common policy concernsan association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
Standing committeea permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area
Commerce and slave trade compromise
Recess appointment
Bicameral legislaturea two-house legislature
Impoundmentrefusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Republic
Prospective voting
seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
Enumerated powerspowers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government
weak governmentgovernment that has limited control over economy or personal lives
Representative democracycitizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Federal system
Dissenting opinion
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a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states
Courts of Appealfederal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts
Conservativea person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,
Whipa majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party
Libertarianismpeople who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
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Federal budget
Pocket vetowhen the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally
Get-out-the-votea campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls
Logrollingthe exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts
Candidatecentered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation
Legislative veto
independentspeople who have no party affiliation
Open rulein the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation