AP Government duel

Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

Cabinet

identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Politics method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government

Revolving door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants

mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Veto

services performed by an elected official for constituents

States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Deregulation

Judicial review

Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago

Delegated powers powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution

Policy evaluation

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Issue networks

executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers

a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

Slander false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation

Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

Roe v. Wade (1973)

an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government

the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Iron triangle alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Bench trial

an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

executive privilege

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Conference committee a committee made up of members of the House and Senate that is responsible for reconciling the differences when two versions of the same bill pass both houses of Congress

New Jersey v. TLO (1985) Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio

Closed primary

lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).

the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy

Cooperative federalism "marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for

Expressed powers

Fighting words

Margin of error

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Logrolling the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Appellate courts

equality of opportunity everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation

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