AP Government duel

conformity

Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

Free exercise clause

Articles of Confederation

Honeymoon period the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

Realignment a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support

Voter turnout the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot

unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership

Federal question a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Patronage the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Administrative Discretion the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.

Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

franking privilege

Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Appellate courts courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law

a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment

SuperPAC

Agenda setting

the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles

Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority

Individualism the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government

refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

Line item veto

Procedural due process Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Unanimous consent an agreement by every senator to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation

Dealigning

Full faith and credit clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

North American Free Trade Agreement

Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure

Hate speech offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment

Three-fifths compromise agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Ratification method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law

Inherent powers powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office

Mandates

government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

Free exercise clause

Straw Poll

A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

writ of certiorari a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

Free rider an individual who benefits from the activities of an interest group but does not support the group either financially or through active participation

Declaration of Independence drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain

Grants-in-aid

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