AP Government duel

Political socialization

writ of certiorari a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation

Discretionary spending

provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Party dealignment

Pardon a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

verbal and symbolic speech used together

Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

Random sampling

Party machine a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt

when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

SuperPAC

centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Supremacy clause

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

Liberal a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending

Prospective voting

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

Natural rights basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny

Independent regulatory agency

Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

Federal question

Select committee a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Midterm elections congressional elections held between presidential elections

a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy

Inherent powers powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

double jeopardy

a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Media event

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

Courts of Appeal

Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

Precedent

Senatorial courtesy

Incrementalism small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase

when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot

an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Elastic clause the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

Republic a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

North American Free Trade Agreement created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Full faith and credit clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

Declaration of Independence drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain

Impeachment bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission

supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

Public opinion

Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

End this game?