Judicial review
authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
Political socialization
complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another
Runoff primary
when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary
Apportionment
De facto segregation
segregation that results from living patterns rather than law
Open convention
a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention
Select committee
Revolving
door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants
Exclusionary rule
that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
powers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause
Unfunded mandates
mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary
District courts
lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held
voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
Realigning election
locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Keynesian economics
the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Fiscal federalism
a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states
writ of habeas corpus
a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
election commission
a commission delegated to supervise an election
Caucus (congressional)
pork-barrel legislation
legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Issue networks
Bicameral legislature
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Discretionary spending
Federalist Papers
when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Politics
method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
