AP Government duel

Closed convention a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Federalist supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

pork-barrel legislation legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection

Gender gap

the approval of a policy by legislation

US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Articles of Confederation the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Public policy the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

Marble vs. layer cake federalism

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Procedural due process Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

Rules committee determines the rules for debate for bills in the House

Open primary a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party

the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

Deregulation the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Leak

a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank

Political socialization

Loose Constructionist the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Discharge petition

Political ideology

Three-fifths compromise agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles

Liberal

Federal budget decicit the difference in any year between government spending and government revenue

Fighting words speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

Politico

drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain

Prince v. Massachusetts

The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

Separation of powers

Closed primary a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party

Discharge petition

a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Loose Constructionist

Keynesian economics

the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Legislative Branch under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws

A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

Select committee

Government

Delegated powers powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution

independents people who have no party affiliation

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service

Free rider

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

Fighting words

Diplomacy the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny

Line item veto

Split-ticket voting

Rider

On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Elastic clause

Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

End this game?