AP Government duel

original jurisdiction the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government

unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Libertarianism

government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

Rules committee

a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Hate speech

The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

Whip

Marble vs. layer cake federalism

political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

Pardon a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Individualism the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government

Supremacy clause national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Bicameral legislature a two-house legislature

Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

Discretionary spending

Diplomacy

Federal question

extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

Exit poll

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters

courts with authority to review cases heard by other courts to correct errors in the interpretation or application of law

Cloture a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster

Full faith and credit

Great compromise

On background information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase

Miranda warning the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights

The government cannot exert prior restraint.

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Bill of Rights

when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law

On the record information

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Pardon a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national

writ of habeas corpus

Congressional review Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution

Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

Federalism

voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Limited Government

Administrative Discretion

Concurrent powers

Opinion leaders those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, who may

tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction

End this game?