AP Government duel

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?

the approval of a policy by legislation

Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation

Separation of powers practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

Politico

Front loading the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

common policy concerns an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Policy formulation the development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda

the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Apportionment

Rules committee determines the rules for debate for bills in the House

traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

Expressed powers

Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

Diplomacy

Libertarianism

Realignment

Keynesian economics the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

Political culture a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Natural rights basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

Divided government

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments

the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

Impeachment

Judicial branch responsible for interpreting and applying the laws; in the federal government it consists of the US district

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

New Jersey v. TLO (1985)

President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority

Deregulation

Moderate person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

Divided government

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

Platform a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank

Fighting words

Fiscal federalism a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

Elite Theory of Democracy the idea that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless of the formal niceties of governmental organization

a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt

the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Critical elections sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions

Equal Protection Clause constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally

all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Deficit government spending exceeds revenue

Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally

Political ideology

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees

Open primary

supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

End this game?