AP Government duel

Recess appointment

Cloture a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster

Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power

Gatekeepers media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it will be presented

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

Democracy

Categorical grants

Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).

after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party

On background information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee

a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

Caucus (congressional) a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share

speech plus verbal and symbolic speech used together

Full faith and credit clause says that states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states - Article 4

Fiscal policy how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy

Privileges and Immunities Clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states

Federalism a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

Progressive generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation

President Pro Tempore serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Devolution

District courts lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Maintaining elections traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

Mass media

Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

Closed primary

the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

Federalism a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

Redistricting the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

Blanket primary a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another

De facto segregation segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Individualism the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government

Civil liberties

Hyde Amendment (1976) Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.

Elite Theory of Democracy

Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light

Recess appointment

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"

a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

Discrimination

Rider an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Voter turnout

how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

Symbolic speech

the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights

Rule of four a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case

redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

End this game?