federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached
all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Bill of attainder
Incrementalism
small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase
all the voters of a state or county elect their representative
Slander
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions
Precedent
standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
Political socialization
complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Logrolling
the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
Gridlock
De facto segregation
door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants
Ex post facto law
a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed
Courts of Appeal
federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts
President Pro Tempore
serves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Conservative
Libertarianism
people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
Articles of Confederation
the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited
provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name
drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
Nonpartisan election
an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation
a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts
Republic
a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy
The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Public policy
the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
Lobbying
Entitlement
government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
Interest group
a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy
