AP Government duel

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally

Hate speech offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment

Hyde Amendment (1976) Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.

North American Free Trade Agreement

Public policy the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

Separation of powers

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Delegated powers

Civil rights

a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

Caucus (congressional)

DC v. Heller (2008)

Discharge petition

a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

De facto segregation

Slander

traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

Majority leader the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

Electoral College

in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

Coattail effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most

false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Exclusionary rule

Symbolic speech using actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea

Good-faith exception

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Referendum

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation

Judicial review authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Three-fifths compromise agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

Inherent powers powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office

Closed convention a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Republic

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Majority opinion the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision

identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

On the record information provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

Concurring opinion justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

Public policy the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

North American Free Trade Agreement

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright

Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Powell v. Alabama (1932)

Recess appointment a presidential appointment made when Congress is not in session; doesn't require immediate confirmation

End this game?