determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight
Frozen!
Frozen!
Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles
small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase
test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent
De jure segregation segregation segregation that results from law
sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions
Dissenting opinion opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion
North American Free Trade Agreement
On background
that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
Policy formulation the development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda
Regressive tax a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive
Hate speech offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment
Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
Privileges and Immunities Clause states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
Legislative Branch
information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source
Opinion leaders
a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit
let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
Independent regulatory agency an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term
Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent
Recall special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
government corporation corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
Constituency
drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another
Boost!
Boost!
New Jersey v. TLO (1985) Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.
Boost!
Boost!
Federal system
writ of habeas corpus a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
Judicial activism
Frozen!
Frozen!
government corporation
Articles of Confederation the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited
Miranda warning the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights
Delegate
Realignment a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support
Caucus (congressional)
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.
government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions
independents people who have no party affiliation
Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Johnson v. Zerbst (1938) Sixth amendment applies to federal criminal cases with possible imprisonment and too poor defendant. Gideon v. Wainwright
amount of money owed by the government
Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts
Incrementalism small changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase
Loose Constructionist the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution
Unanimous consent
Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally
federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices
Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress
Exit poll a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Frozen!
Frozen!
Fighting words
Fiscal policy how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy
Boost!
Boost!
Federalist supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
Boost!
Boost!
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
Legislative veto when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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Player 2 wins!
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