AP Government duel

Bill of attainder a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally

Incrementalism

Hyde Amendment (1976)

Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

Judicial branch

Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

Monetary policy economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

Moderate

Rider an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Gatekeepers media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it will be presented

Federalism

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Concurrent powers

Substantive due process

service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Legislative Branch under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws

North American Free Trade Agreement

the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Party dealignment

Referendum

special election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

Privileges and Immunities Clause

allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Recess appointment

carrying out a policy through government agencies and courts

resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

pork-barrel legislation legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection

Procedural Due Process

those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights

Initiative allows voters to petition to propose legislation and then submit it for a vote by qualified voters; not available at the national level

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

writ of habeas corpus a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Entitlement

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

Supremacy clause national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states

At-large all the voters of a state or county elect their representative

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Federalism a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

Gerrymandering drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another

Constituent

created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt

Popular Socereignty basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy

Patronage

a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

conformity

mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

congressional elections held between presidential elections

Party machine a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt

Agenda setting identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve

Declaration of Independence

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"

Categorical grants federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

End this game?