Popular Socereigntybasic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power
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Federalisma division of governmental powers between the national government and the states
Policy evaluation
Declaration of Independencedrafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain
Public policy
Civil libertiesconstitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.
Rideran addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
franking privilegeallows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
Anti-Federalists
Concurrent powers
Pardona convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national
Interest groupa group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy
Connecticut (Great) Compromisesettled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
Joint committeea committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation
Single-member districtsonly one representative is chosen from each legislative district
the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
Reapportionmentredistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution
Participatory democracycitizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;
Independent executive agencyan agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote
Elastic clausethe necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers
Appellate jurisdiction
Advice and consentthe Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
Executive agreement
common policy concernsan association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
information provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee
government corporationcorporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
Political agendaissues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power
government spending exceeds revenue
the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government
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Exit polla poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Governmentthe formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
Direct democracydemocracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy
Judicial reviewauthority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
a poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes
Executive agreementagreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
President Pro Temporeserves as president of the Senate in the absence of the vice president; chosen by the majority
Monetary policy
Federalisma division of governmental powers between the national government and the states
De jure segregation
Bicameral legislaturea two-house legislature
opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion
Party dealignmentweakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties
Retrospectivevoting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
Individualismthe belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government
a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster
a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
Pure speechverbal communication of ideas and opinions
Ideology
On deep backgroundinformation provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source
Administrative Discretion
Rule of foura rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
Reserved powersunder the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Hard moneymoney used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal
Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives
Majority opinion
Civil rightspositive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.
Natural rightsbasic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights a government cannot deny