AP Government duel

the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Federal budget decicit the difference in any year between government spending and government revenue

a poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?

Unanimous consent an agreement by every senator to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation

Libel false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Ex post facto law a law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed

speech plus

Primary election nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

Federalist supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

Conservative a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

Open convention a party national convention at which no candidate has won a majority of the delegates in the primaries; the candidate is chosen by the convention

Patronage the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party

Veto the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Elastic clause

Deviating election

Dual Federalism a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"

Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws

Brief

Courts of Appeal

Realigning election when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

Monetary policy

everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

Off year election an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election

Advice and consent

Powell v. Alabama (1932) The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion

Implied powers

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Off year election

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

Off the record information information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

Lemon v. Kurtzman Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

Apportionment distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

At-large

method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

New Jersey v. TLO (1985) Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.

traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty

prior restraint action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Get-out-the-vote a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Straight-ticket voting voting for candidates all of the same party

Brief a written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit

Policy adoption

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Independent regulatory agency an agency that is part of the executive branch and responsible for regulating and oversight of a segment of the economy; it is managed by a board or commission appointed by the president for a fixed term

Socialism a political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian

Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

Amendment

End this game?