AP Government duel

information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use

Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure

DC v. Heller (2008)

Interest group

At-large

Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

Whip a majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Motor Voter Law

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

a program intended to give a boost of preference to minority applicants over white applicants in contracting, employment, housing, and college or professional school admissions

Concurring opinion justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

District courts lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power

joint resolution A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president

Federal question

Plurality vote

Open convention

voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Bill of attainder

Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

Fiscal federalism a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

Political ideology a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy

Anti-Federalists those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights

Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

writ of certiorari a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction

Free exercise clause Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

Participatory democracy

Civil liberties

centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Discretionary spending

voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

Honeymoon period the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation

Government

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

Federalist

Closed rule

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

verbal and symbolic speech used together

States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Due process protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments

Equal Protection Clause

Legislative courts

Legislative Branch under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws

prohibits the establishment of a national religion

the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

End this game?