The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Hard money
states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
Politico
a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)
Political socialization
Dual Federalism
a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain
minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?
Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.
Closed rule
a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered
speech plus
verbal and symbolic speech used together
Single-member districts
only one representative is chosen from each legislative district
Iron triangle
alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Extradition
states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor
Federal question
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).
legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Constituent
all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members
Republic
a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy
Nonpartisan election
an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation
Establishment clause
prohibits the establishment of a national religion
election commission
Standing committee
Free rider
Cooperative federalism
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
Courts of Appeal
