a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light
Deviating electionminority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters
a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party
Mandatesrequirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal
Impoundment
Electoral Collegerepresentatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
Barnettte v. McColumm
Retrospective
Dual Federalisma model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
Direct democracydemocracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy
powers enumerated in the Constitution
extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns
the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties
Executive agreementagreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate
Government
Socialisma political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
Frozen!
Frozen!
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004)US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
Rider
Legislative vetowhen Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
stare decisislet the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation
National debt
sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions
Federal budget decicit
courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Open rule
when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary
Briefa written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit
a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,
Rule of foura rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
Frozen!
Frozen!
a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,
Symbolic speechusing actions and symbols rather than words to convey an idea
Political efficacybelief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004)US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge
Lobbying
a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
spending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments
Keynesian economicsthe belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
joint resolutionA formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president
Get-out-the-vote
Civil libertiesconstitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.
Boost!
Boost!
a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
Cloture
Frozen!
Frozen!
false verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
equality of opportunity
Precedentstandards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
Rideran addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
Legislative vetowhen Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally
Impoundment
Judicial restraintholds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress
Blanket primary
Betts v. Brady (1942)Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer