AP Government duel

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

DC v. Heller (2008) Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago

Pardon

when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

Creates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.

Eminent domain allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid

allows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge

Honeymoon period

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

Mass media all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population

Single-member districts

centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Judicial review

original jurisdiction the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government

War Powers Act of 1973

Regressive tax a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive

Unitary system

Platform a statement of a political party on the issues facing the country, adopted at the national convention; each issue position is known as a plank

Checks and balances a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Exit poll a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted

Procedural Due Process method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures

Barnettte v. McColumm Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

Political socialization complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values

New Jersey v. TLO (1985)

effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office

Due process

Majority leader

verbal communication of ideas and opinions

Superdelegates

Delegate

Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

Bill of Rights

Civil rights positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Lemon test

Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

government corporation corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service

Political agenda issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status

DC v. Heller (2008) Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago

a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states

the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

Interest group a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

Prospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

everyone should have the same chance; what individuals make of that chance depends their abilities and efforts

Policy implementation

a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation

Substantive due process the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections

Conference committee

End this game?