AP Government duel

common policy concerns an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Pocket veto when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law

Federal question

Impeachment

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

Superdelegates party officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

Policy evaluation

weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties

Direct democracy

Lemon test test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

Earmark a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure

SuperPAC political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections

Great compromise

Rules committee

organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy

Random sampling

a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt

writ of habeas corpus a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released

Gender gap a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

Precedent

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Candidate

Gridlock

Front loading

Delegated powers

Single-member districts

Separation of powers practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

Federal system

On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Open primary

government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

Expressed powers powers enumerated in the Constitution

Precedent standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes

the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills

On the record information provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

Courts of Appeal federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

common policy concerns an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest

Direct primary party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election

The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright

On deep background

the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

Hate speech

De facto segregation

how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy

Civil rights

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Caucus

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

Political efficacy

Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Open rule in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation

Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

New Jersey v. TLO (1985)

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Selectively incorporates 4th amendment. Later modified with "inevitable discovery" (good if would be found in a later, lawful search) and "good faith" (good if warrant was issued at all).

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

End this game?