AP Government duel

Extradition states may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor

Appellate jurisdiction

Marble vs. layer cake federalism Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

Judicial Review Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison

a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive

Discharge petition a device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor; requires 218 votes

Exit poll a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?

Hate speech offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment

Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees

people who have no party affiliation

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Monetary policy

executive privilege

Strict constitutionalist the view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution

to social norms and values, tough on criminals

Individualism the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government

when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary

an addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own

Divided government one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Unfunded mandates mandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary

Eminent domain

Trial balloon tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction

Blanket primary a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another

Issue networks

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Gerrymandering

a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio

Discrimination unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership

Constituent all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members

a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

speech plus

Policy adoption

Prospective voting

Advice and consent the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties

Ratification method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law

War Powers Act of 1973 a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension

Cabinet government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity

a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt

a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy

the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct

Plurality vote electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Articles of Confederation the first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited

Direct democracy democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy

Inherent powers

De facto segregation

Open convention

Earmark

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Fighting words

Concurring opinion justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

On background

Mass media

Dissenting opinion

Straw Poll

End this game?