Closed convention
a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment
the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
Majority leader
the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
Recall
complex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Rule of four
a rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
Due process
Public policy
the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
Politico
a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)
Get-out-the-vote
a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls
the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common
determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight
General election
voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents
Anti-Federalists
those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights
Prospective voting
a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views
the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts
Reserved powers
under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Congressional review
Congress's authority to review a new federal regulation enacted by a regulatory agency and overrule it through a joint resolution
agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation
a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?
The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Libel
false written statements about others that harm their reputation
courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct
Roe v. Wade (1973)
The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it will be presented
a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area
double jeopardy
a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
