AP Government duel

Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Media event a speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light

Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

National debt amount of money owed by the government

Deficit government spending exceeds revenue

Discharge petition

Expressed powers

Impeachment

Progressive

District courts lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

Ratification method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law

Motor Voter Law allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common

a designation within a spending bill that provides for a specific expenditure

Mandatory spending spending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments

Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

Federal budget decicit

Standing committee a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area

On deep background

Caucus

Fighting words

weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties

political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections

Leak an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government

Affirmative action

Betts v. Brady (1942) Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer

Judicial restraint holds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

District courts lowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

Progressive tax a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example

executive privilege a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers

Deregulation the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Procedural Due Process method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Gender gap a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues

Open convention

Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas

sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions

Trustee

Political party

Progressive

practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

Brief

Midterm elections

a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability

the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.

Unitary system a political system in which all power is derived from the central government

Recess appointment

justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision

joint resolution

a law that makes a person guilty of a crime without a trial; neither Congress nor the states can enact such a law Constitutionally

a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another

End this game?