Individualismthe belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government
weak governmentgovernment that has limited control over economy or personal lives
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Political agenda
Coattaileffect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
Majority leader
Amicus curiae briefa brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"
Line item vetothe president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional
Recallspecial election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term
De facto segregation
Mandatory spending
a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals
speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order
Good-faith exceptiona rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio
Closed convention
a primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party
Block grantsgrants federal funds given to the states for programs in broad policy areas with few, if any, restrictions
DC v. Heller (2008)Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago
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Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy
Constituency
direct majority or minority party strategy and decisions in the House and Senate
a tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive
Civil rights
Independent executive agency
Rideran addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
a person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
President Pro Tempore
Enumerated powerspowers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?
voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents
Betts v. Brady (1942)Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
Frozen!
Frozen!
Bill of Rights
Affirmative action
Frozen!
Frozen!
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in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
Discrimination
a consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy
speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order
a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote
Judicial restraintholds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support ratification of the Construction
Caucus (congressional)a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share
Individualism
supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
Libertarianismpeople who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states
application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment
De facto segregation
a shift of voting patterns to form new coalitions of party support
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the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
On background
Concurring opinionjustice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision
Iron trianglealliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
At-large
Open primarya primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party
Mass mediaall forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Trusteeafter listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions
Hard moneymoney used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal
Policy formulationthe development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda
a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy