AP Government duel

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes? Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

Government the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy

Strict constitutionalist

Opinion leaders

Constitution the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government

federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Initiative

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes? The government cannot exert prior restraint.

Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004) US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Legislative veto

speech plus

Incumbency

alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Cloture a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster

the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties

Judicial Review

the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers

National debt amount of money owed by the government

Federal system a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government

Incrementalism

positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.

Single-member districts only one representative is chosen from each legislative district

minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters

General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

congressional elections held between presidential elections

a commission delegated to supervise an election

SuperPAC political organizations that use contributions from individuals, corporations, and labor unions to spend unlimited sums independent from the campaigns, yet influencing the outcome of elections

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

Whip

Markup rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

Judicial Review

a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

Policy formulation the development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda

economic policy in which the money supply is controlled through the Federal Reserve

Exit poll

conformity

General election voters choose office holder from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

Superdelegates

Entitlement government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status

franking privilege

Eminent domain allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

Individualism

the time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public

the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

Subsidy a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

test standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws. Separate, Secular, and Neutral in effect and intent

Elastic clause the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) that allows Congress to pass laws to carry out its expressed powers

Enumerated powers powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Executive order

under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws

Senatorial courtesy the practice of allowing senators from the president's party who represent the state where a judicial district is located, to approve or disapprove potential nominees for the lower federal courts

Pluralist theory of democracy interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts

the percentage that a scientific poll is likely to be off; a margin of error of +/- 3 percent is common

End this game?