Three-fifths compromiseagreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation
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Runoff primary
generally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation
Strict constitutionalistthe view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution
On backgroundinformation provided in an interview that a reporter can quote but can't attribute specifically to the interviewee
Socialism
Keynesian economics
Voter turnoutthe total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot
Slanderfalse verbal statements about others that harm their reputation
Libertarianismpeople who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
Delegated powerspowers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
Agenda settingidentification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve
Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person's religious practices
a group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy
money used by national, state, or local party organizations that is not regulated by the Federal Election Commission
action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review
Politics
the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
prior restraintaction by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship
a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released
Dissenting opinion
unfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Expressed powerspowers enumerated in the Constitution
franking privilegeallows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
Conservative
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?
Eminent domainallows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.
Political partyVoluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
Civil libertiesconstitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.
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Due processprotection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
Amicus curiae briefa brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"
basic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power
Reserved powers
in the House, a rule that allows any amendments to a bill, regardless of whether they're relevant to the legislation
Soft money
Mass mediaall forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Hate speechoffensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment
equality of opportunity
National debtamount of money owed by the government
The Supreme Court concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure. Principle of "breathing space"
Redistrictingthe process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts
Fighting wordsspeech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order
Incumbencyeffect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office
a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy
Judicial restraintholds that the Court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions, operating strictly within the limits of the Constitution
Politicsmethod of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
Concurrent jurisdictionjurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts
Impoundmentrefusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Anti-Federalists
Gridlockwhen opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government
Split-ticket votingvoting for candidates from more than one party in the same election
positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law. What the government should do.
Trial balloon
Political party
Standing committeea permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area
Delegatean elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants