identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve
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a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Dealignment
Caseworkservices performed by an elected official for constituents
Marble vs. layer cake federalismMarble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights
Political efficacybelief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.
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North American Free Trade Agreementcreated to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs
Off the record information
Pocket vetowhen the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
spending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments
Substantive due processthe policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
Grants-in-aidprograms, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Nonpartisan electionan election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation
Plurality vote
Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracyseen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case
Politicsmethod of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio
Redistrictingthe process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally
Democracya system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation
Off year electionan election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
Political culturea set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
Judicial activism
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Trustee
Barnettte v. McColumm
Mandatesrequirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal
Superdelegatesparty officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
Coattaileffect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
Off the record informationinformation provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
Exclusionary rulethat evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
locally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Maintaining elections
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an unauthorized release of information to the press from someone in the government
the approval of a policy by legislation
the first court to hear and decide a case; US district courts and the US Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign affairs, states or the national government
a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees
joint resolution
Supremacy clausenational laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
Agenda settingidentification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve
Honeymoon periodthe time early in a new president's administration characterized by optimistic approval by the public
a judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
Whipa majority/minority party leader in Congress who makes sure the party members are present for important votes and vote by party
Monetary policy
alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
Gender gapa situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
Limited Governmenta governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority
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Legislative courtscourts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Ex post facto lawa law that makes an action a crime even though it was legal when it was committed or increases the penalty for a crime after it has been committed
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governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
Representative democracycitizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic