national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Barnettte v. McColumm
Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale
a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government
Legislative Branch
under Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy
Electoral College
representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
Subsidy
a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
Procedural Due Process
method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Ideology
a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals
courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid
Single-member districts
only one representative is chosen from each legislative district
Libel
false written statements about others that harm their reputation
Voter turnout
justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision
Hyde Amendment (1976)
Passed by Congress in 1976; excludes abortion from the comprehensive health care services provided to low-income people by the federal government through Medicaid.
Betts v. Brady (1942)
Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
Commerce and slave trade compromise
Politics
method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
Policy adoption
the approval of a policy by legislation
Majority leader
the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate
a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national
Federalist
supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote
Primary election
Federal question
Incumbent
the person currently holding office
the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution
