Libertarianism
people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
Rules committee
provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name
action by the government to prevent the publication of material; censorship
Motor Voter Law
Select committee
conformity
to social norms and values, tough on criminals
franking privilege
Party machine
a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
Precedent
standards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
Dual Federalism
redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution
Cabinet
government departments headed by presidential appointees to help establish public policy and operate a specific policy area of governmental activity
pork-barrel legislation
legislation giving benefits to constituents through sometimes unnecessary or unwise projects within a state or district, to enhance a member's chance of reelection
Independent regulatory agency
an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
Independent executive agency
an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president
Privileges and Immunities Clause
states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
the belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government
Concurring opinion
Plurality vote
electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected
Pocket veto
Incumbent
the person currently holding office
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Delegated powers
powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
Incumbency
effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office
tests the public reaction to policy or appointments by releasing information to the media and gauging public reaction
Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
Free exercise clause
gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
