SuperPAC
Bench trial
Reserved powers
under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
Impoundment
refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Marble vs. layer cake federalism
a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Appellate courts
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Eminent domain
allows the government to take private property for public use, as long as just compensation is paid
the total number of votes cast for the highest office on the ballot
Markup
rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette
weak government
government that has limited control over economy or personal lives
Coattail
Discretionary spending
federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
Logrolling
the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
Public policy
the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
Courts of Appeal
Pardon
a convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national
Closed primary
Roe v. Wade (1973)
The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Judicial Review
Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison
resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years
Interest group
gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
Bill of Rights
the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties
Sound bite
a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio
Split-ticket voting
voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election
the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
