an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
Boost!
Boost!
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Popular Socereigntybasic principle of US government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power
settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another
joint resolutionA formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of congress and by the president; constitutional amendments need not be signed by the president
stare decisislet the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases
Legislative vetowhen Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Conservativea person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,
Precedentstandards or guides based on prior decisions that serve as a rule for settling similar disputes
Candidatecentered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation
Straw Poll
Rule of foura rule that says that four of the nine Supreme Court justices must agree in conference to hear a case
when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
Socialisma political/economic system in which the government plays a major role (usually ownership) in determining the use of productive resources and the allocation of valuable goods and services; may be democratic or authoritarian
segregation that results from living patterns rather than law
War Powers Act of 1973a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
Frozen!
Frozen!
Bill of attainder
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette1943, forcing students to salute the flag is a violation of 1st amendment free speech, and is therefore unconstitutional. Such gestures = symbolic speech. Tinker v. Des Moines.
Courts of Appealfederal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts
Realigning election
Gender gapa situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
Midterm elections
Frozen!
Frozen!
Categorical grantsfederal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached
Policy formulationthe development of an approach to solving a problem that is on the political agenda
Recallspecial election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term
franking privilegeallows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
Open primarya primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party
Legislative Branchunder Article I of the Constitution, the legislative branch consists of the House and Senate, which together form the US Congress; the prime responsibility is to make laws
a claim by the president or a member of the executive branch that information or documents requested by Congress or the courts do not have to be turned over because of the separation of powers
Articles of Confederationthe first written constitution of the United States, which went into effect in 1781; it created a unicameral legislature, in which each state had one vote but no executive or judicial authority; the power of the central government was extremely limited
Boost!
Boost!
Rideran addition or amendment added to a bill that often has no relation to the bill but that may not pass on its own
Pardona convicted person is exempt from the penalties of a crime; only the president has this power at the national
Impeachmentbringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives
Progressivegenerally refers to the belief that government or people acting on its behalf can be used to address social problems or inequities facing the nation
Frozen!
Frozen!
On deep backgroundinformation provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) establishes?The government cannot exert prior restraint.
Political agendaissues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power
the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
Off the record information
opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion
Bill of Rights
Privileges and Immunities Clausestates are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees
a commission delegated to supervise an election
Fighting wordsspeech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order
DC v. Heller (2008)Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago
when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Motor Voter Law
Due processprotection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
traditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty
Expressed powerspowers enumerated in the Constitution
Public opiniona collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy
Frozen!
Frozen!
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives
Exclusionary rulethat evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
At-largeall the voters of a state or county elect their representative
Gatekeepers
the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government
the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy
Representative democracycitizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic