the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Libertarianismpeople who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
Legislative courtscourts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term
Implied powerspowers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause
a primary election in which an individual does not have to be a registered voter in a particular party to vote for candidates of that party
Exit polla poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Critical electionssharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions
Discharge petition
Federalist
Concurrent powersgovernmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
rewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
Delegatean elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
Grassroots lobbyingorganizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
Line item veto
Impeachmentbringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives
congressional elections held between presidential elections
Blanket primarya primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another
common policy concernsan association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
drawing of congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another
Unitary system
Good-faith exceptiona rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio
issues that merit action, as determined by the public or those in power
democracy citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials; also called participatory democracy
Ideologya consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals
Appellate jurisdiction
Logrollingthe exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries
election commission
Platform
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Congressional oversight
Standing committee
a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation
Unfunded mandatesmandates require states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary
Policy evaluation
Advice and consentthe Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
Recallspecial election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term
Patronagethe system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party
Constituencyservice casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
a type of federalism that deals with the flow of funds through grants and other means from the federal government to the states
protection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
sharp changes in the existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions
Impoundment
Markup
franking privilegeallows members of Congress to mail letters and other materials to constituents free of charge
Progressive tax
Checks and balancesa system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches
New Jersey v. TLO (1985)
Administrative Discretion
Impeachment
De jure segregation
federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts
Open convention
Reserved powersunder the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people
joint resolution
Strict constitutionalistthe view that justices should base decisions on a narrow interpretation of the Constitution
practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches
Participatory democracycitizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues; there are no elected officials;
Dual Federalisma model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"