Administrative Discretion
the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary
Affirmative action
a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Diplomacy
the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder
agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation
Separation of powers
practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches
Public opinion
a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy
Appellate jurisdiction
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
conformity
Political party
Retrospective
voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
Political culture
a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
Sound bite
a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Declaration of Independence
an individual who benefits from the activities of an interest group but does not support the group either financially or through active participation
Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
Hamdi v. Rumsfield (2004)
a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution
Procedural Due Process
method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
Blanket primary
a primary election in which candidates from all parties are on the ballot, and a registered voter can vote for the Democratic candidate for one office and the Republican candidate for another
Great compromise
a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
Exit poll
a poll conducted on election day to determine how people voted
Due process
