Roe v. Wade (1973)
Split-ticket voting
voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election
double jeopardy
a rule that says a person can't be tried twice by the same court under the same charges twice; from the 5th amendment
Delegate
an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
Progressive tax
a tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example
Administrative Discretion
the flexibility a federal agency can exercise in implementing legislation through its rules and regulations. the authority delegated to bureaucrats to use their expertise and judgment when determining how to implement public policy.
speech plus
verbal and symbolic speech used together
Hate speech
Incumbency
effect tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantages because they already hold the office
agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation
Legislative Branch
Students have less privacy at schools; their stuff is subject to a search because of suspicion. This is necessary for discipline.
Electorate
people qualified to vote
Pluralist theory of democracy
interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts
that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
Ideology
a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals
Random sampling
an association of congressional members who advocate a political ideology, regional, ethnic, or economic interest
organizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
On the record information
provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name
the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional
Concurring opinion
justice or justices who agree with the majority's ruling but not the reason behind the decision
Free exercise clause
Grants-in-aid
programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)
Coattail
effect the ability of a strong or popular candidate to get other candidates on the ticket elected; it is a term most
Cooperative federalism
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
Block grants
minority party is able to win the support of majority party members, independents, and new voters
Primary election
