AP Government duel

authority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the

Judicial Review

Realigning election

On the record information provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

Limited Government a governing or controlling body whose power exists only within predefined limits that are established by a Constitution or other source of authority

Moderate

Dealignment when a significant number of voters choose to no longer support a particular political party

practice by which power is divided among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

Federal budget amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year

stare decisis let the decision stand; court decisions are based on precedent from previous cases

North American Free Trade Agreement

Casework services performed by an elected official for constituents

Impeachment bringing charges of wrongdoing against a government official by the House of Representatives

a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)

Great compromise a solution to the problem of representation at the constitutional convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate (two senators per state)

an agency that is part of the executive branch but not included in any executive department; the head of the agency (NASA, CIA for example) is appointed by the president and serves at the pleasure of the president

powers enumerated in the Constitution

Closed rule a rule issued by the House Committee on Rules, in which there is a strict time limit for debate and no amendments can be offered

Sound bite a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio

Redistricting the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment

an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

Cloture a method for cutting off a filibuster in the Senate; sixteen votes are needed to call for cloture and sixty are needed to end a filibuster

Lobbying attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods

Majority-minority districts drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority

Bill

speech plus

Discretionary spending federal spending set by the government through appropriations bills, including operating expenses and salaries of government employees

Ideology a consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals

Blanket primary

Prince v. Massachusetts Religion does not override child labor laws. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Unanimous consent an agreement by every senator to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

a campaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

the approval of a policy by legislation

an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants

Filibuster a lengthy speech designed to delay the vote on a bill in the Senate; can be ended by a cloture motion and vote

Policy evaluation

Gatekeepers media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide what news to present and how it will be presented

a trial in which the judge who presides over the trial decides on guilt or liability

powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Upholds establishment clause and free exercise clause. Engel v. Vitale

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy

Deregulation the process of reducing or completely eliminating federal government oversight of an industry so as to allow it to operate more freely; used to encourage competition and reduce costs to consumers

Checks and balances

Inherent powers powers powers, usually claimed by the president, that are implied but not specifically stated in the Constitution or are derived from the office

Mandatory spending spending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments

Political action committees (PAC$) extension of an interest group that contributes money to political campaigns

Party realignment

when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election

On the record information

Honeymoon period

a party national convention at which the party's presidential nominee has already been determined through the primaries

US Gov needs to at least have a hearing to determine a war prisoner's charge

Socialism

a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case

Pocket veto

the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment

Nonpartisan election an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation

End this game?