identification of the problems and/or issues that require the attention of the government to resolve
a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties
person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
the belief that inflation occurs when too much money is chasing too few goods; the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
Dealignment
Casework
services performed by an elected official for constituents
Marble vs. layer cake federalism
Marble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
those opposed to the ratification of the Constitution because it gave too much power to the central government at the expense of the states and the lack of a bill of rights
Political efficacy
belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) establishes?
Establishes that clothing is symbolic speech, and is protected unless its censorship is in the public interest.
North American Free Trade Agreement
created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs
Off the record information
Pocket veto
when the president takes no action on a bill within ten days of Congress adjourning, the bill does not become law
spending required government spending by permanent laws; entitlements, for example social security or bond payments
Substantive due process
the policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections
Grants-in-aid
programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Nonpartisan election
an election in which candidates run as independents without party affiliation
Plurality vote
Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracy
seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
a formal document issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court indicating that it will hear a case
Politics
method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
a very brief excerpt from a political speech aired on television or radio
Redistricting
the process of redrawing congressional and state legislative districts to reflect population changes in the census; responsibility for redistricting usually falls to the state legislatures; follows reapportionment
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)
gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause
constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally
Democracy
a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation
Off year election
an election taking place in a year when no presidential elections are occurring; midterm election
Political culture
a set of basic values and beliefs about one's country or government that is shared by most citizens
Judicial activism
