AP Government duel

the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

door the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants

Blanket primary

supported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

Democracy a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

Miranda warning the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights

Party dealignment weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties

Categorical grants federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached

Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Checks and balances a system in which each branch of the government has the power to limit the other branches of government so that one is not dominant; each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

Majority opinion the majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision

Reapportionment redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

Straw Poll a poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes

Veto

an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants

the elected leader of the party with the most seats in the House or Senate

Gridlock when opposing parties and interests often block each other's proposals, creating a political stalemate or inaction between the executive and legislative branches of government

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called the elastic clause

a person whose political views favor more local, limited government, fewer government regulations,

Constituency

programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

On deep background information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Unanimous consent an agreement by every senator to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation

weak government government that has limited control over economy or personal lives

Joint committee a committee of Congress made up of members of both houses that focuses on issues of general concern but does not propose legislation

allows citizens to register to vote at welfare and motor vehicle offices

Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

Executive agreement agreement with another head of state not requiring approval from the Senate

Ratification

Politico a member of Congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters)

Policy evaluation determines is a policy is achieving its goals; usually carried out with congressional oversight

created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the US by lowering and eliminating tariffs

Connecticut (Great) Compromise

Federal system

Commerce and slave trade compromise resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years

Exclusionary rule

Grassroots lobbying

Devolution an effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

Legislative courts courts courts created by Congress for a specialized purpose with a narrow range of authority; judges serve a fixed term

the warning that an individual must be read at the time of arrest and questioning, letting him know his 5th and 6th amendment rights

services performed by an elected official for constituents

Hate speech offensive speech against racial or ethnic minorities, women, and homosexuals that creates a hostile environment

Front loading the practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election

writ of certiorari

Roe v. Wade (1973) The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.

a court order directing authorities to show cause for why a person under detention should not be released

Federalism a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

Line item veto the president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional

Oversight Congress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent

Constituency service casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members

Three-fifths compromise agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation

Executive agreement

Loose Constructionist the belief that judges should have freedom in interpreting the Constitution

Barnettte v. McColumm

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

Issue networks

Public opinion a collection of shared attitudes of citizens about government, politics and the making of public policy

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