attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods
Concurrent powersgovernmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
"marble-cake federalism" a model of the relationship between the federal government and the states that developed during the 1930s; the power of the federal government expands into areas that the states are usually responsible for
executive privilege
Off the record informationinformation provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
stare decisis
joint resolution
Interest groupa group of private citizens whose goal is to influence and shape public policy
Frozen!
Frozen!
National debtamount of money owed by the government
Closed primarya primary election that is limited to registered voters of a particular political party
speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order
the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
Loose Constructionist
Briefa written document submitted to a court that presents the facts and legal reasoning of a party to the lawsuit
At-large
powers enumerated in the Constitution
Betts v. Brady (1942)Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
Dissenting opinion
when a minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive election
Marble vs. layer cake federalismMarble cake means 1930s fed expansion, layer cake means they are supreme in separate areas
Incrementalismsmall changes in policy over long periods of time; usually in reference to budget making - that the best indicator of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a small increase
Caucus
Liberal
when Congress rejects an action of the president by a majority vote of both houses; declared
Recallspecial election initiated by petition to allow citizens to remove an official from office before his or her term
action by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review
Bill
Moderateperson whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
Federalisma division of governmental powers between the national government and the states
people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,
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Frozen!
Due processprotection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
Diplomacythe conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations
Hard moneymoney used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal
Markuprewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
On deep background
agreement at the constitutional convention that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives and for taxation
federal funds given to state and local governments for specific programs that usually require the recipient to match the money provided and have other strings attached
OversightCongress monitors policies of the executive branch; the process by which the legislative branch checks the executive branch to ensure that the laws Congress has passed are being administered in keeping with legislators' intent
Socialism
Inherent powers
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Articles of Confederation
Popular Socereignty
franking privilege
amount of money the federal government expects to receive and authorizes government to spend for a fiscal year
DC v. Heller (2008)Court ruled that a DC law banning hand guns was unconstitutional. McDonald v. Chicago
all residents of the state for senators, all residents of a district for House members
settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
Betts v. Brady (1942)Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
Boost!
Boost!
Establishment clauseprohibits the establishment of a national religion
Constituencyservice casework; assistance to constituents by congressional members
Select committeea temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees
one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress
Executive orderaction by the president that does not require the approval of Congress; subject to judicial review
Maintaining electionstraditional majority power maintains power based on voters' party loyalty
Ideology
Procedural Due Processmethod of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures
to social norms and values, tough on criminals
Constitutionthe document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government
Boost!
Boost!
The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.