Grassroots lobbyingorganizing a letter-writing campaign or taking out ads to influence public opinion and persuade public officials to support a particular policy
Split-ticket votingvoting for candidates from more than one party in the same election
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Powell v. Alabama (1932)The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Strict constitutionalist
DC v. Heller (2008)
the exchange of political favors for support of a bill; an agreement between two or more members of Congress to vote for each other's bills
Diplomacy
a permanent committee of Congress that deals with legislation and oversight in a broad policy area
Revolvingdoor the practice of government officials becoming lobbyists for the industries or companies they were responsible for regulating while they were public servants
Johnson v. Zerbst (1938)
Retrospectivevoting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society
Frozen!
Frozen!
election commission
Bicameral legislature
attempting to influence policymakers through a variety of methods
Rider
Due processprotection against the arbitrary loss of life, liberty, and property provided for under the 5th and 14th Amendments
requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal
Referenduma general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct
Cloture
the Senate's authority to approve or neglect the president's top appointments and negotiated treaties
Civil liberties
Extraditionstates may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor
Boost!
Boost!
Line item vetothe president can reject a portion of a bill while approving the rest; declared unconstitutional
Concurrent powersgovernmental powers shared by the federal and state governments
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Party dealignment
Electoral Collegerepresentatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president
a political system in which power is divided between the national government and state government
Closed primary
Boost!
Boost!
speech plusverbal and symbolic speech used together
Leak
Separation of powers
Runoff primarywhen no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary
Discriminationunfair treatment of a person based on race or group membership
Policy adoptionthe approval of a policy by legislation
Declaration of Independencedrafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain
Caucuslocally held meeting in a state to select delegates who, in turn, will nominate candidates to political office
Supremacy clause
District courts
Liberala person whose views favor more government involvement in business, social welfare, minority rights, and increased government spending
Political ideologya consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy
Dual Federalism
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Primary election
Sixth amendment does not selectively incorporate to providing poor people in not-capital state cases a lawyer
Grants-in-aidprograms, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs
Free rider
Implied powerspowers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause
people who have no party affiliation
weak governmentgovernment that has limited control over economy or personal lives
Prospective votinga method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views
Media eventa speech or photo opportunity staged to give a politician's view on an issue; staged to present the candidate in a good light
Political socializationcomplex process by which people get their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values
Independent executive agency
Boost!
Boost!
redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution
Entitlementgovernment benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
Frozen!
Frozen!
Lemon v. KurtzmanCreates the "Lemon Test", which has requires separate, secular, and neutral effect and intention in government action.