Caseworkservices performed by an elected official for constituents
Primary electionnominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election
Single-member districtsonly one representative is chosen from each legislative district
Boost!
Boost!
weakening of ties between the voters and the two major parties
Politicsmethod of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government
Frozen!
Frozen!
powers specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution
Libelfalse written statements about others that harm their reputation
Representative democracycitizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy; a republic
Devolutionan effort to shift responsibility or domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government
Direct primaryparty members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
a political organization, typically at the local level, that wielded considerable power through its ability to get out the vote; relied heavily on patronage and providing services to constituents and was often corrupt
Moderateperson whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies
an elected official who considers it an obligation to vote the way the majority of his or her constituents wants
Hyperpluralist Theory of Democracyseen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness
Extraditionstates may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor
Superdelegatesparty officials in the Democratic Party who attend the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses
Honeymoon period
Ideologya consistent set of beliefs by groups or individuals
Progressive taxa tax that is higher for those who make more money; the federal income tax is an example
Political partyVoluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
Front loadingthe practice of a state choosing an early date to hold a primary election
a program intended to give a boost of preference to minority applicants over white applicants in contracting, employment, housing, and college or professional school admissions
Billa draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.
Deviating election
Judicial reviewauthority given the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive, states, or the
Constitutionthe document setting forth the laws and principles of the government; a plan for government
drawing district boundaries to give a minority group a majority
a method of evaluating candidates in which voters focus on candidates' positions on issues important to them and vote for the candidates who best represent their views
Pardon
Grants-in-aid
Frozen!
Frozen!
Liberal
Direct democracy
Roe v. Wade (1973)The Right to Privacy extends to letting women make decisions about their bodies without government surveillance.
Boost!
Boost!
Inherent powers
Regressive taxa tax that is assessed on everyone at the same rate and, therefore, impacts the poor more than it impacted wealthy; sales tax is regressive
Frozen!
Frozen!
North American Free Trade Agreement
Categorical grants
Caucus (congressional)a group of members of Congress who may or may not be from the same party but who share
On background
corporation a corporation that may receive part of its funding from Congress and is managed by a board appointed by the president; the function it performs could be carried out by private enterprise; an example is the US Postal service
Reapportionmentredistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution
how the government uses taxes and spending to impact the economy
District courtslowest level of federal courts, where most federal cases begin and trials are held
Retrospectivevoting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances
a situation in which men and women hold different positions on a wide range of political issues
determines the rules for debate for bills in the House
Floor leaders
Markuprewrite of a bill after hearings have been held on it
Libel
Party realignmenta shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt
Federalistsupported a strong central government and ratification of the Constitution
Majority opinionthe majority of justices agree on the decision and the reasons for the decision
National debt
Political ideologya consistent set of beliefs about politics and public policy that sets the framework for evaluating government and public policy
Judicial activisma judicial philosophy that holds that courts have a more expansive role to play in shaping public policy
Dual Federalisma model of the relationship between the federal government and the states in which each is supreme in its own sphere; "layer cake federalism"
electoral process in which the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate is elected
Whip
Agenda setting
Implied powerspowers not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the necessary and proper (elastic) clause