Conservative
Dissenting opinion
opinion justice or justices who voted in the minority, explaining the reasons for opposing the majority opinion
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives
Hard money
money used directly by a candidate running for office; it is subject to campaign finance laws and Federal
National debt
amount of money owed by the government
a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension
Entitlement
government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status
Bill of attainder
Grassroots lobbying
Deviating election
Off the record information
information provided in an interview that a reporter cannot directly use
a rule of evidence that says that if the authorities act "in good faith," evidence that otherwise might have been excluded may be admissible. Modifies Mapp v. Ohio
Realignment
information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
The Supreme Court ruled here that the right to counsel was required by law in death penalty trials. Also, capital cases must have counsel when defendant cannot defend because of "ignorance, feeblemindedness, illiteracy, or the like". Selective Incorporation case based on the sixth amendment. Gideon v. Wainwright
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch; a solution to the problem of representation at the Constitutional Convention, in which the number of members that each state would have in the House of Representatives is determined by population, while each state would have equal representation in the Senate
national laws supersedes all other laws passed by states
Impoundment
refusal of the president to spend money Congress has appropriated; was eliminated by the congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Floor leaders
Federal budget decicit
the difference in any year between government spending and government revenue
Elastic clause
Judicial activism
resolved differences between northern and southern states at the constitutional convention; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for twenty years
Political party
Voluntary association of people who seek to control the government through common principles, based on peaceful and legal actions such as the winning of elections; an organization that recruits, nominated, and elects party members to control the government
party members vote to nominate their candidate for the general election
Administrative Discretion
Primary election
At-large
all the voters of a state or county elect their representative
all forms of communication that reach a large portion of the population
Trustee
after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions
