AP Government duel

Entitlement government benefits provided to Americans who qualify because of their age, income, and/or status

Casework

Amicus curiae brief a brief submitted to the court by an interested third party that outlines issues it thinks are important in the case. amicus curiae literally means "friend of the court"

Bill a draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

Bicameral legislature

Concurrent jurisdiction jurisdiction the authority to hear cases is shared by federal and state courts

Candidate centered politics politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

distribution of congressional representatives among the states, based on the population of each state

Natural rights

Political efficacy belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking

Trustee after listening to constituents, elected representatives vote based on their own opinions

Grants-in-aid programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens. What the government can't do.

a question of law based on interpretation of the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Amendment a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

Enumerated powers powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government

Implied powers

Cloture

Libertarianism people who wish to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues; prefer small,

Divided government one party controls the executive (president) and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress

Midterm elections congressional elections held between presidential elections

when no candidate receives a majority of votes, and election held between the two candidates who recorded the most votes in the primary

Patronage the system in which a party leader rewarded political supporters with jobs or government contracts in exchange for their support of the party

Socialism

Retrospective voting a method of evaluating candidates in which voters evaluate incumbent candidates and decide whether to vote for them based on their past performances

Reapportionment redistribution of the 435 congressional seats among the states after the census determines changes in population distribution

segregation that results from living patterns rather than law

federal courts with appellate jurisdiction that review decisions of federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and other federal courts

stare decisis

Random sampling a statistical technique that gives everyone in the target group the same opportunity to participate in a poll

Pure speech

Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment, powers not granted to the federal government or denied to the states reserved for the states or the people

Concurrent jurisdiction

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) States cannot ban private schools to prevent religious courses. Wisconsin v. Yoder

Party realignment a shift in voter loyalty in response to critical events; 1932 election of FD Roosevelt

Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, which protect basic civil liberties

speech that is likely to bring about public disorder or chaos; may be banned in public places to ensure the preservation of public order

On the record information provided in an interview that a reported can quote and attribute to the source, referring to the source by name

Incumbent the person currently holding office

War Powers Act of 1973 a law that limits presidential use of military forces to sixty days, with an automatic extension of thirty additional days if the president requests such an extension

false written statements about others that harm their reputation

Discrimination

Diplomacy the conduct of international relations, particularly involving the negotiation of treaties and other agreements between nations

Gatekeepers

Split-ticket voting voting for candidates from more than one party in the same election

Patronage

Concurrent powers governmental powers shared by the federal and state governments

Nonpartisan election

Executive agreement

an agreement by every senator to the terms of debate on a given piece of legislation

Electoral College representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

Political efficacy

a temporary committee of Congress set up for a specific purpose that is outside the scope of the standing committees

information provided in an interview that a reported can use but cannot make even an indirect reference to the source

Issue networks the numerous people who are involved in the formulation of policy, including the president, members of Congress, the cabinet, lobbyists, interest groups, government agencies, and scholars; a looser relationship than the iron triangles

the president's power to reject a bill passed by Congress

Dealigning election party loyalty becomes less important to voters, and they vote for the other party candidate or

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Straw Poll

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