in what range are buffers effective
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14 always!!
HA(aq) + OH- --> A-(aq) + H2O(L) if weak acid is in excess --> a buffer --> Hendeson Hasselbalch equaiton if strong base is in excess, the moles of excess hydroxide ions is used for pH if acid and base are equimolar then the equilibrium concentr
equivalence point
strong acid-weak base reaction if weak base is in excess --> a buffer --> Hendeson Hasselbalch equaiton if strong acid is in excess, the moles of excess acid are used to determine pH if acid and base are equimolar then the equilibrium concentrations are used to determine pH
Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25 C or 298 K
increasing/decreasing concentrations of buffer components, but keeping the ratios constant (if you don't it'll change the buffer capacity for either acid or base respectively)
what is a buffer solution that is resistant to a small pH change, it has to contain a weak acid or base pared with its conjugate salt(Na+, H3O-, etc...) and it creates neutral compounds, keeping pH relatively stable
how do you calculate a buffer's pH
strong acid strong base equivalence point pH = 7 @ 25 C / 298 K
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H2O pH is always... 7, could be acid (pH) or base (pOH)
maximum buffering capacity pH = pKa
in what range are buffers effective within 1 pH of its pKa, up or down
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H2O pH is always... 7, could be acid (pH) or base (pOH)
pH + pOH = 14 always!!
HA(aq) + OH- --> A-(aq) + H2O(L) if weak acid is in excess --> a buffer --> Hendeson Hasselbalch equaiton if strong base is in excess, the moles of excess hydroxide ions is used for pH if acid and base are equimolar then the equilibrium concentr
maximum buffering capacity
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what is a buffer solution that is resistant to a small pH change, it has to contain a weak acid or base pared with its conjugate salt(Na+, H3O-, etc...) and it creates neutral compounds, keeping pH relatively stable
strong acid-weak base reaction if weak base is in excess --> a buffer --> Hendeson Hasselbalch equaiton if strong acid is in excess, the moles of excess acid are used to determine pH if acid and base are equimolar then the equilibrium concentrations are used to determine pH
how to increase/decrease buffering capacity
how do you calculate a buffer's pH pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA] ---> acids pOH = pKb + log [BH+]/[B] ---> bases the conjugate salt is on top, and the bottom is either the base or the acid assume there is a limiting and excess reagent (because it will contain either a strong acid or base)
Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25 C or 298 K
strong acid strong base equivalence point pH = 7 @ 25 C / 298 K
equivalence point
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