Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.
Witch hunts
In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)
Diet of Worms
called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.
Double entry book keeping
Banks began handling so much money, new techniques were developed to keep track of it. Double entry booking was a way of keeping track of everyone’s debts and bank balance.
30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
Small localized war in Bohemia between the Protestant union and the catholic league . Catholic league won and reestablished Catholicism
Predestination
A Catholic court that inquired into the beliefs of people to see if they were heretics
Edict of Nantes
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding
nepotism
favoritism to relatives
Frederick 1st
Helped start the 30 years war because he challenged the catholic absolutism of the holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd
Peace of Westphalia
the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor
Peace of Augsburg
Indulgences
Allowed people to buy their salvation
Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war
Catholic Reformation
French Phase (1635-1648)
Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats
Social order in 16th century europe
Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas)
Anabaptists
A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.
Defenestration of Prague
Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window.
Council of Trent
French Protestants
Jesuits
members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Stocks
Simony
the buying and selling of church offices
Battle of White Mountain (1620)
A list of Books, created by the Catholic Church, that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severe.
Danish Phase (1625-1629)
King of Denmark, who was Protestant, led attacks against the Catholics. War is transforming from a local conflict, to a tran-national war
