Battle of White Mountain (1620)
Catholics defeated the Protestants and reestablished Catholicism (bohemian phase)
Indulgences
In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)
Stocks
Where they would put you if you broke the law. Your arms and legs are restrained and anyone in town can throw things at you.
Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats
Danish Phase (1625-1629)
Roman Inquisition
A Catholic court that inquired into the beliefs of people to see if they were heretics
the buying and selling of church offices
Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline in response to Protestant reforms.
Double entry book keeping
Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.
Diet of Worms
called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.
Frederick 1st
Helped start the 30 years war because he challenged the catholic absolutism of the holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd
Jesuits
Massacre of Vassy
Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war
Edict of Nantes
document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots in France
A list of Books, created by the Catholic Church, that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severe.
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding
Predestination
Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation
Anabaptists
A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.
Peace of Westphalia
the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor
A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic)
favoritism to relatives
Council of Trent
Defenestration of Prague
Small localized war in Bohemia between the Protestant union and the catholic league . Catholic league won and reestablished Catholicism
Social order in 16th century europe
Hugenots
French Protestants
