Predestination
Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation
French Phase (1635-1648)
Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats
Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.
the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor
A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic)
Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas)
Hugenots
Helped start the 30 years war because he challenged the catholic absolutism of the holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd
called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.
Danish Phase (1625-1629)
Edict of Nantes
Stocks
Where they would put you if you broke the law. Your arms and legs are restrained and anyone in town can throw things at you.
Indulgences
Catholic Reformation
Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline in response to Protestant reforms.
nepotism
Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window.
Double entry book keeping
Banks began handling so much money, new techniques were developed to keep track of it. Double entry booking was a way of keeping track of everyone’s debts and bank balance.
Roman Inquisition
Anabaptists
A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.
the buying and selling of church offices
Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening.
Jesuits
Witch hunts
In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)
30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
Small localized war in Bohemia between the Protestant union and the catholic league . Catholic league won and reestablished Catholicism
Massacre of Vassy
Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war
Index of Prohibited Books
Catholics defeated the Protestants and reestablished Catholicism (bohemian phase)
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding
