Danish Phase (1625-1629)
Diet of Worms
called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.
Edict of Nantes
document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots in France
In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)
Small localized war in Bohemia between the Protestant union and the catholic league . Catholic league won and reestablished Catholicism
Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war
Peace of Augsburg
A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic)
A Catholic court that inquired into the beliefs of people to see if they were heretics
Catholic Reformation
A list of Books, created by the Catholic Church, that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severe.
Double entry book keeping
Banks began handling so much money, new techniques were developed to keep track of it. Double entry booking was a way of keeping track of everyone’s debts and bank balance.
Social order in 16th century europe
Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas)
favoritism to relatives
Simony
the buying and selling of church offices
Stocks
French Phase (1635-1648)
Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats
Predestination
Battle of White Mountain (1620)
Catholics defeated the Protestants and reestablished Catholicism (bohemian phase)
Peace of Westphalia
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding
Defenestration of Prague
Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window.
Hugenots
French Protestants
members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Allowed people to buy their salvation
Helped start the 30 years war because he challenged the catholic absolutism of the holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd
Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.
Anabaptists
Council of Trent
Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening.
