English civl war causes
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
The fronde
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Glorious Revolution (1688)
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Military impact of balance of power wars
The intendant system
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Waterframe
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
