A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Peter the great's political reform
“I am the state”
Partition of Poland
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Dutch States General
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
