English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Military impact of balance of power wars
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Waterframe
Triangle Trade
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
End of the English civl war
Hugenots flee France
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
