English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
End of the English civl war
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
The intendant system
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Balance of Power
Waterframe
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
Peter the great's political reform
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
consumer culture
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Divine Right of Kings
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
