Triennial Act (1641)
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
putting-out system
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
New Model Army
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Workers Guilds
Partition of Poland
