English Civil War (1642-1649)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Waterframe
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Restoration period
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Workers Guilds
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Triennial Act (1641)
Rump Parliament
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
