End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Balance of Power
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Peter the great reforms
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
“I am the state”
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
English Civil War (1642-1649)
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
