Unit 3 review (1648-1815) duel

Absolutism Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state

Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology

Triennial Act (1641)

Glorious Revolution (1688) Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights

King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power

Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.

Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies

Hugenots flee France

Workers Guilds

After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion

A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.

Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans

Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax

Military impact of balance of power wars Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war

Dutch States General The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests

Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell

spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright

Jethro Tull's seed drill

Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.

Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.

Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them

Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees

English Bill of Rights (1689)

What did the Palace of Versailles do?

Absolutism causes

Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king

Rise of insurance During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing

Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france

Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil

“I am the state”

mechanical hoe Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil

associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen

Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top

Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees

King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power

Triennial Act (1641) A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.

Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure

Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans

English Bill of Rights (1689)

King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.

Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights

Dutch States General The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests

Divine Right of Kings Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent

The intendant system King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility

Rump Parliament The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.

Peter the great's cultural reforms Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax

Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement

William of Orange Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war

80 Years War (1568-1648)

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

The protectorate The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship

Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.

The fronde Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king

Peter the great reforms Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him

The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.

consumer culture Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff

Oliver Cromwells dictatorship

Partition of Poland Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other

English civl war causes Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.

End this game?