Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Hugenots flee France
The fronde
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
End of the English civl war
Mercantilism
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Triennial Act (1641)
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Rump Parliament
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Partition of Poland
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
