Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Peter the great's political reform
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Divine Right of Kings
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Balance of Power
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
English Bill of Rights (1689)
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
