Partition of Poland
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
William of Orange
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Rump Parliament
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Divine Right of Kings
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Glorious Revolution (1688)
