Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Restoration period
English civl war causes
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
New Model Army
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
English Civil War (1642-1649)
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Divine Right of Kings
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Mercantilism
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
