English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
New Model Army
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Mercantilism
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Rise of insurance
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Absolutism causes
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
