Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Balance of Power
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Military impact of balance of power wars
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
