Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Mercantilism
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Waterframe
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Peter the great's religious reform
Partition of Poland
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Hugenots flee France
