Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Workers Guilds
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Peter the great's religious reform
Constitutionalsim
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Waterframe
