Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Peter the great's religious reform
Triangle Trade
Rump Parliament
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
