Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Military impact of balance of power wars
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Dutch States General
Rump Parliament
“I am the state”
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mercantilism
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Balance of Power
