Hugenots flee France
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
consumer culture
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Military impact of balance of power wars
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Absolutism causes
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
