Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Jethro Tull's seed drill
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
New Model Army
Restoration period
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
