Unit 3 review (1648-1815) duel

The protectorate The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship

80 Years War (1568-1648)

Balance of Power After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion

Restoration period Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.

Peter the great reforms Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him

Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france

New Model Army

Constitutionalsim The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.

Absolutism Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state

consumer culture Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff

mechanical hoe Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil

Glorious Revolution (1688) Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights

Mercantilism

Jethro Tull's seed drill

English Civil War (1642-1649)

Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology

A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.

Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees

Hugenots flee France Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class

associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen

English civl war causes

Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans

Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king

Waterframe spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright

Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies

William of Orange

King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power

What did the Palace of Versailles do? King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.

Peace of Utrecht (1713)

Puritans A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.

Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war

Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france

The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship

Peter the great reforms

putting-out system Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system

Oliver Cromwells dictatorship Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them

Partition of Poland

The fronde

Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism

Constitutionalsim The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.

Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil

Absolutism Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state

Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.

a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa

Peter the great's political reform Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top

Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution

English Civil War (1642-1649) Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure

Divine Right of Kings Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent

Absolutism causes The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.

Military impact of balance of power wars Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war

Rise of insurance During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing

What did the Palace of Versailles do? King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.

Balance of Power After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion

War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.

Dutch States General

Peter the great's cultural reforms

Rump Parliament The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.

Workers Guilds associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen

Mercantilism An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)

End this game?