Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Peter the great's political reform
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Balance of Power
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
consumer culture
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Workers Guilds
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Absolutism
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
