Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
English Bill of Rights (1689)
The protectorate
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
The intendant system
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Partition of Poland
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Absolutism causes
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
End of the English civl war
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
