Glorious Revolution (1688)
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Waterframe
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Peter the great's religious reform
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Puritans
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
