Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Dutch States General
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Puritans
Mercantilism
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Hugenots flee France
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
