Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
The intendant system
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
The fronde
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Hugenots flee France
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Rise of insurance
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
