“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Mercantilism
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Peter the great's political reform
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Dutch States General
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
William of Orange
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
