Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
End of the English civl war
Absolutism causes
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Absolutism
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Peter the great's religious reform
The fronde
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
English Civil War (1642-1649)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
