William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Triangle Trade
mechanical hoe
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Hugenots flee France
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Peter the great reforms
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Constitutionalsim
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
