Partition of Poland
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Puritans
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Rump Parliament
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
putting-out system
Balance of Power
Absolutism causes
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
English Civil War (1642-1649)
