Peter the great reforms
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
The protectorate
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
