The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
The intendant system
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Hugenots flee France
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
