Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Mercantilism
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Between king Phillip ||| of Spain and 17 provinces of Netherlands , provinces won the war. Was fought over Spanish control of Dutch wealth and tolerance of Protestantism
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
consumer culture
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Waterframe
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
