Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
putting-out system
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Military impact of balance of power wars
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
The intendant system
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
