Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Rump Parliament
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
“I am the state”
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Absolutism causes
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
English civl war causes
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
