Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
Peter the great's cultural reforms
The protectorate
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Dutch States General
Constitutionalsim
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
