English Bill of Rights (1689)
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Battle of Vienna (1683)
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Military impact of balance of power wars
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
End of the English civl war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
consumer culture
The fronde
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Restoration period
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
