Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
“I am the state”
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Restoration period
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
William of Orange
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Rise of insurance
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
The fronde
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
