Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Workers Guilds
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Constitutionalsim
English civl war causes
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
The protectorate
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
New Model Army
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Restoration period
Parliament restores the monarchy after the protectorate and appoints Charles 2nd.
