Absolutism causes
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
Peter the great's religious reform
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Military impact of balance of power wars
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
consumer culture
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Rump Parliament
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
