Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
“I am the state”
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
The fronde
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
Waterframe
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
The intendant system
Triennial Act (1641)
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
mechanical hoe
Mercantilism
Peter the great's political reform
Required nobles to serve in the army. Created the table of ranks that ensured experts ended up on top
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Rise of insurance
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Military impact of balance of power wars
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
Workers Guilds
Constitutionalsim
The government is limited by the rule of law. The monarch had to share power.
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Oliver Cromwell captured King Charles I and did away with political opposition in parliament, and then had King Charles beheaded.
