Made sure seeds were planted at exact intervals and made sure they were covered with dirt
Waterframe
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
80 Years War (1568-1648)
Reorganized the Russian Orthodox Church and replaced leadership with his appointees
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Included provisions for parliament, not the monarch to levy taxes. Stipulated that when parliament made a law, it couldn't be overturned by the monarch
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
Nations who expanded their military found themselves on the winning side of balance of power. Started an arms race as France, Sweden and others rapidly expanded their military after the 30 years war
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Absolutism
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Jean Colbert, king Louis 14th’s finance minister implemented mercantilist policies to reduce France’s debt, improve domestic industry, expand colonial holdings, and created a favorable balance of trade. King Louis 14 wars undid these improvement
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Balance of Power
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
Triangle Trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
New Model Army
Rump Parliament
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Workers Guilds
associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
