Colombian exchange impact on the agricultural revolution
Allowed for new crop-rotation methods and improved European diets which increased life-spans
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Agriculture Revolution (1600s-1800s)
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Said by Louis the 14th, the absolute ruler of france
After the peace of Westphalia, wars were fought to maintain the balance of power instead of over religion
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
The protectorate
The republic in England established by Oliver Cromwell, though in reality, it was a military dictatorship
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Absolutism causes
The 30 years war weakened the influence of the Catholic Church and the growing merchant class wanted more stability.
Battle of Vienna (1683)
Last unsuccessful Ottoman attempt to take central Europe in 1683, cementing Habsburg control in southeastern Europe and ending Ottoman westward expansion.
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Mary and William of orange offered the throne by parliament to replace James II (successor to Charles II), after he fled. Peaceful* transfer of power. Ended divine right of kings and English bill of rights
What did the Palace of Versailles do?
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
consumer culture
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Conflict between the king, parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure
Partition of Poland
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
Hugenots flee France
Hundreds of thousands fled, robbing France of its healthy merchant class
Jean Colbert's mercantilist policies
War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
English civl war causes
Peter the great's political reform
New Model Army
Parliaments army in the English civl war led by Oliver Cromwell
Dutch States General
The Dutch federal assembly which comprised of Dutch oligarchs who made policy that served their best interests
Rump Parliament
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Puritans
End of the English civl war
William of Orange
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
spinning machine powered by water wheel, invented by Richard Arkwright
