Absolutism causes
King Louis the 14th relocated many nobles to his palace at Versailles where he could keep an eye on them and demand their loyalty.
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain. Maintained the balance of power in Europe.
Rise of insurance
During the Industrial Revolution, insurance started to gain prevalence. Insurance for entrepreneurs gave them the confidence to invest a very large amount of money on industrializing
Oliver Cromwells dictatorship
Held on to power at all costs and didn't give people the rights he had promised them
Weak constitutional monarchy of Poland, was split between Austria, Prussia, and Russia worked together to divide Poland. Did this to maintain the balance of power between each other
The intendant system
King Louis the 14th sent representatives of himself to implement his policies across France. Undermined the authority of local governors and the nobility
Absolutism
Monarchs consolidating all state power under themselves in order to advance the needs of their own state
Triennial Act (1641)
A document passed by the House of Commons during the Long Parliament that required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years.
Peter the great's cultural reforms
Tried to shape Russian culture to fit the image of Western Europe. Ex: Beard tax
King Louis the 14th repealed the edict of Nantes
Wanted to promote religious unity to gain power
Rump Parliament
Waterframe
Peter the great reforms
Visited Europe and convinced Russia needed to westernize and that he wanted to consolidate power for himself. Political reform, religious reform, cultural reform. To pay for the reforms, he tripled taxes so the peasants hated him
Jethro Tull's seed drill
putting-out system
Before factories, goods during the Industrial Revolution were mainly made in peoples homes through the putting out system
Agricultural output tripled despite urbanization thanks to new farming technology
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England.
A war fought over the Spanish throne. Louis XIV wanted it for his grandson and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman who wanted to maintain the balance of power.
consumer culture
Lower prices thanks to Industrial Revolution, agricultural Revolution, and the slave trade made many new things affordable for middle class Europeans, who started buying more stuff
“I am the state”
Peter the great's political reform
Rebellion of French nobles against cardinal mazarin, who was consolidating state power and taking away from the nobles. The Fronde threw France into chaos and cardinal mazarin eventually prevailed. The people realized they needed strong king
Hugenots flee France
Divine Right of Kings
Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent
Before becoming king of England with Mary, he led the Calvinist revolt against Spain in the Netherlands in the 80 years war
mechanical hoe
Increased the efficiency with which weeds were removed from the soil
Workers Guilds
Dutch States General
English civl war causes
Divine right to rule, conflicts with parliament over money needed to put down rebellions, and conflict with puritans over religion. King Charles I married a catholic.
