Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

The enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

Using general principles to determine specific consitions

Using specific observations to create general principles

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Contagious Diseases Act

Paracelsus

Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Enlightenment views of religion

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Philosophes

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Reading Revolution

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Consumer Revolution

Johannes Kepler

a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

Neoclassicism

Voltaire Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Popes response to galieleo

Coffee Houses

Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

Natural rights

Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Social Contract

Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Humoral theory of the body The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Philosophes French thinkers

Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Salon private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

Francis Bacon

Paracelsus

Deism

Voltaire

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Tenaments a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

Inductive reasoning Using specific observations to create general principles

Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

Natural rights

Neoclassicism In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

Popes response to galieleo

Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

The enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Denis Diderot Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

End this game?