Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Mary Wollstonecraft
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Population increases in the 1700s
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Charter of towns 1792
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Enlightenment views of religion
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Johannes Kepler
Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles
Denis Diderot
Atheism
Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Voltaire
Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
Enlightened Absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Deism
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Galen
Neoclassicism
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Geocentric model of the universe
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Using specific observations to create general principles
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Consumer Revolution
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Salon
