Geocentric model of the universe
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Francis Bacon
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Denis Diderot
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Tenaments
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Inductive reasoning
Galen
Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Popes response to galieleo
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Scientific method
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Neoclassicism
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Enlightened Absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Charter of towns 1792
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Johannes Kepler
Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles
Reading Revolution
Enlightenment views of religion
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Deductive reasoning
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Thomas Hobbes
