Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.

Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Enlightened absolutists monarchs Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Enlightened Absolutism

Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Tenaments

Contagious Diseases Act This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

Denis Diderot Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Francis Bacon Developed inductive reasoning

Popes response to galieleo Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death

Urbanization Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Using specific observations to create general principles

Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Natural rights The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property

Galen Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Nicolaus Copernicus Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

Neoclassicism

Atheism Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

Geocentric model of the universe

Salon

Galileo Galilei

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

Deductive reasoning

Scientific method

Tenaments a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

Galileo Galilei

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

Johannes Kepler Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

Enlightened Absolutism a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.

Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Popes response to galieleo

Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Voltaire Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Denis Diderot Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Social Contract A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

Inductive reasoning

Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Mary Wollstonecraft English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

The enlightenment

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Consumer Revolution Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Thomas Hobbes

Atheism Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

End this game?