Denis Diderot
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Salon
John Locke
Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Coffee Houses
Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Scientific method
Charter of towns 1792
Social Contract
Consumer Revolution
Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Developed inductive reasoning
Population increases in the 1700s
Deductive reasoning
Enlightened absolutists monarchs
Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Voltaire
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Thomas Hobbes
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Philosophes
Deism
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
