Deductive reasoning
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Tenaments
Galen
Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Enlightenment views of religion
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Neoclassicism
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Geocentric model of the universe
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Developed inductive reasoning
Denis Diderot
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Johannes Kepler
Inductive reasoning
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Voltaire
John Locke
Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Atheism
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Deism
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
William Harvey
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
