Salon
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Enlightened Absolutism
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Deism
Population increases in the 1700s
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Enlightenment views of religion
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Francis Bacon
Voltaire
Charter of towns 1792
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Thomas Hobbes
There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Social Contract
Tenaments
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
The enlightenment
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
Humoral theory of the body
Galen
Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Deductive reasoning
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
John Locke
Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Coffee Houses
Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
