Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Francis Bacon
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Tenaments
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
French thinkers
Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Voltaire
William Harvey
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Atheism
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Thomas Hobbes
There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Enlightened absolutists monarchs
Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
Paracelsus
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Social Contract
Population increases in the 1700s
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Galen
Coffee Houses
Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
Neoclassicism
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
