Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Using specific observations to create general principles

Popes response to galieleo Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death

Social Contract A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Urbanization Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Neoclassicism

Contagious Diseases Act

Population increases in the 1700s

Humoral theory of the body The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Thomas Hobbes

Nicolaus Copernicus Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

Charter of towns 1792

Johannes Kepler Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

William Harvey

Paracelsus

Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Jean-Jacques Rousseau A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Philosophes French thinkers

Salon

Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

Consumer Revolution

Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

Philosophes French thinkers

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Neoclassicism

Geocentric model of the universe

Social Contract

a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.

Tenaments a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Francis Bacon Developed inductive reasoning

Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Johannes Kepler Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

Charter of towns 1792

Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

Galen Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Voltaire Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.

The enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

Enlightened absolutists monarchs Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Denis Diderot Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Inductive reasoning Using specific observations to create general principles

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books

This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Natural rights

End this game?