Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Neoclassicism

Paracelsus

Using specific observations to create general principles

Galileo Galilei Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light

Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

Nicolaus Copernicus Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Tenaments

Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

Social Contract A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Popes response to galieleo Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death

Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Natural rights

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

Salon

Enlightened Absolutism a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Deism Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.

Urbanization Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Contagious Diseases Act

John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Philosophes French thinkers

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Scientific method

Enlightened absolutists monarchs

Mary Wollstonecraft

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books

The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Humoral theory of the body

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

John Locke

Consumer Revolution Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light

Geocentric model of the universe

Johannes Kepler Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books

private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

Jean-Jacques Rousseau A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Neoclassicism In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

Deism

Philosophes French thinkers

Inductive reasoning Using specific observations to create general principles

Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Enlightened absolutists monarchs

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

End this game?