Paracelsus
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Enlightened Absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Consumer Revolution
Coffee Houses
Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
John Locke
Deism
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Contagious Diseases Act
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
Mary Wollstonecraft
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Inductive reasoning
Scientific method
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Deductive reasoning
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Reading Revolution
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Johannes Kepler
Salon
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Philosophes
Charter of towns 1792
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
