Deism
Neoclassicism
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Nicolaus Copernicus
Social Contract
Population increases in the 1700s
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Geocentric model of the universe
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Coffee Houses
Popes response to galieleo
Consumer Revolution
Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Natural rights
Charter of towns 1792
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Thomas Hobbes
There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Galen
Enlightenment views of religion
Mary Wollstonecraft
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Paracelsus
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Philosophes
French thinkers
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Inductive reasoning
The enlightenment
William Harvey
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Denis Diderot
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
