Tenaments
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Philosophes
French thinkers
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Galileo Galilei
There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
The enlightenment
Salon
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Neoclassicism
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Denis Diderot
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
Coffee Houses
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Reading Revolution
Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Deism
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
Galen
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Social Contract
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Using specific observations to create general principles
