Urbanization
Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Population increases in the 1700s
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
Enlightened absolutists monarchs
Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Enlightenment views of religion
Thomas Hobbes
There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Mary Wollstonecraft
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Geocentric model of the universe
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Neoclassicism
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Inductive reasoning
Using specific observations to create general principles
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Coffee Houses
Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
Contagious Diseases Act
The enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Philosophes
