Deism
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Enlightened absolutists monarchs
The enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Inductive reasoning
Using specific observations to create general principles
Tenaments
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Enlightened Absolutism
Neoclassicism
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Popes response to galieleo
Denis Diderot
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Salon
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Thomas Hobbes
There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Johannes Kepler
Mary Wollstonecraft
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Social Contract
Paracelsus
Scientific method
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Geocentric model of the universe
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Atheism
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
