Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

Philosophes

Inductive reasoning

Atheism

Consumer Revolution Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Mary Wollstonecraft English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

Popes response to galieleo

Population increases in the 1700s

Deductive reasoning Using general principles to determine specific consitions

Deism

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Voltaire Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Thomas Hobbes

Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

Humoral theory of the body

Johannes Kepler

Enlightened absolutists monarchs Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.

Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Tenaments a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

Social Contract

Natural rights The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Scientific method

Salon private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Mary Wollstonecraft English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Paracelsus

Social Contract A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

Reading Revolution

Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Scientific method

Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Deism Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.

Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Tenaments

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Charter of towns 1792

Atheism Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death

There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Neoclassicism In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.

Humoral theory of the body The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Denis Diderot Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Galen Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Salon

The enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

End this game?