Natural rights The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Consumer Revolution
Inductive reasoning Using specific observations to create general principles
Philosophes
Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Denis Diderot
Nicolaus Copernicus Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Humoral theory of the body The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Francis Bacon Developed inductive reasoning
Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Salon private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Atheism
Contagious Diseases Act This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Enlightenment views of religion
Deism Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Galileo Galilei Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Voltaire Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
Enlightened absolutists monarchs Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Francis Bacon Developed inductive reasoning
Boost!
Boost!
Contagious Diseases Act
Social Contract
Inductive reasoning Using specific observations to create general principles
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Mary Wollstonecraft
Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Tenaments a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Jean-Jacques Rousseau A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Thomas Hobbes
Voltaire Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
Neoclassicism In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Deductive reasoning
Frozen!
Frozen!
Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles
Consumer Revolution Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Frozen!
Frozen!
Galen Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Atheism Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Salon private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Enlightenment views of religion
The enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Philosophes French thinkers
Nicolaus Copernicus Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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