Consumer Revolution
Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Paracelsus
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
The enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Deism
Charter of towns 1792
Geocentric model of the universe
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Atheism
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Contagious Diseases Act
Galileo Galilei
Mary Wollstonecraft
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Denis Diderot
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Galen
Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
William Harvey
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Philosophes
Coffee Houses
Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
Voltaire
Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Enlightenment views of religion
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
