Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

Salon

Deductive reasoning

Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Enlightened absolutists monarchs

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Galileo Galilei Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light

Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Philosophes French thinkers

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Inductive reasoning Using specific observations to create general principles

Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

Johannes Kepler Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death

Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Social Contract A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Atheism

Tenaments a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

Denis Diderot

Neoclassicism In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Reading Revolution

Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

Jean-Jacques Rousseau A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Using specific observations to create general principles

Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Deductive reasoning Using general principles to determine specific consitions

Mary Wollstonecraft

In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.

Contagious Diseases Act This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Nicolaus Copernicus

Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Galileo Galilei Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light

Urbanization

Philosophes French thinkers

Charter of towns 1792

Popes response to galieleo

Atheism Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

End this game?