Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

John Locke

Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light

Using general principles to determine specific consitions

Social Contract

Johannes Kepler Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles

Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Inductive reasoning

Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Galen Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Population increases in the 1700s

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property

Philosophes French thinkers

Humoral theory of the body

Enlightened Absolutism a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Nicolaus Copernicus

Contagious Diseases Act This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

Popes response to galieleo

Enlightenment views of religion

Deism Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.

During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Neoclassicism In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

Atheism

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

Francis Bacon

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.

Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

The enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

Francis Bacon Developed inductive reasoning

Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Atheism Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Johannes Kepler

French thinkers

Urbanization Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Scientific method During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Jean-Jacques Rousseau A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.

Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Galileo Galilei Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light

Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Using general principles to determine specific consitions

a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

Humoral theory of the body The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Enlightened absolutists monarchs Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Nicolaus Copernicus Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.

Enlightenment views of religion

End this game?