NeoclassicismIn the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Nicolaus Copernicus
Social Contract
Population increases in the 1700sRising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Jean-Jacques RousseauA French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Geocentric model of the universeEvery body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
UrbanizationThanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Coffee Houses
Popes response to galieleo
Consumer RevolutionMiddle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Frozen!
Frozen!
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Natural rights
Charter of towns 1792Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Humoral theory of the bodyThe body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Thomas HobbesThere is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Galen
Enlightenment views of religion
Mary WollstonecraftEnglish writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
ParacelsusRejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
PhilosophesFrench thinkers
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Reading RevolutionThe transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Inductive reasoning
The enlightenment
William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
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Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Denis DiderotCollaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Boost!
Boost!
Reading Revolution
Johannes Kepler
Contagious Diseases ActThis allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Coffee Houses
Developed inductive reasoning
Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
Consumer RevolutionMiddle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
William Harvey
Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
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Using general principles to determine specific consitions
GalenAncient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited booksThese new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Charter of towns 1792Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Salonprivate drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Population increases in the 1700sRising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
The enlightenment
Natural rights
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Enlightenment views of religion
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Scientific methodDuring the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
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Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.