Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Natural rights

Johannes Kepler

Reading Revolution

Enlightened Absolutism a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Deductive reasoning Using general principles to determine specific consitions

Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)

Mary Wollstonecraft

Popes response to galieleo Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death

Enlightened absolutists monarchs

Urbanization

Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Consumer Revolution Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

Humoral theory of the body

Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Social Contract A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.

Deism

Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Enlightenment views of religion

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Galileo Galilei

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

Philosophes French thinkers

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Enlightened Absolutism a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Salon private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)

Urbanization

Natural rights The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property

Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)

Galileo Galilei

Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Diderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence

Consumer Revolution

Denis Diderot Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities

Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation

John Locke Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people

Deism

Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

Contagious Diseases Act This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

The enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions

End this game?