Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles
Scientific method
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Enlightened Absolutism
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Population increases in the 1700s
Paracelsus
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Thomas Hobbes
Galen
Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
The enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Enlightened absolutists monarchs
Mary Wollstonecraft
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Popes response to galieleo
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Charter of towns 1792
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Voltaire
