Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
Denis Diderot
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Thomas Hobbes
There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature
Johannes Kepler
Reading Revolution
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Voltaire
Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
John Locke
Argued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
Philosophes
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Population increases in the 1700s
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
Salon
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Geocentric model of the universe
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Enlightenment views of religion
Deism
Mary Wollstonecraft
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Tenaments
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Enlightened Absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Urbanization
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
William Harvey
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Nicolaus Copernicus
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Galen
Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
