Mary WollstonecraftEnglish writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Enlightened absolutists monarchs
John LockeArgued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
AtheismDiderot defined it as someone who knows about god, but actively rejects his existence
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Developed inductive reasoning
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Enlightened Absolutisma system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited booksThese new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
Consumer RevolutionMiddle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Scientific methodDuring the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Inductive reasoning
Population increases in the 1700sRising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Humoral theory of the bodyThe body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Adam Smith, The Wealth of NationsAttacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Affirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles
The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased
Social ContractA voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
PhilosophesFrench thinkers
The enlightenmentEnlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
Tenamentsa cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Galileo GalileiBuilt a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Jean-Jacques RousseauA French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
GalenAncient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Boost!
Boost!
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
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Social ContractA voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
VoltaireMost famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
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Frozen!
Galileo Galilei
Tenamentsa cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.
Scientific methodDuring the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Salonprivate drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
John LockeArgued that natural rights were given by god, not a government, so a government couldn’t take them away. Therefore power originates with the people
A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract
Enlightened Absolutisma system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Reading Revolution
Denis DiderotCollaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Mary WollstonecraftEnglish writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Contagious Diseases ActThis allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
DeismVoltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Coffee HousesGrew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
The enlightenmentEnlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
UrbanizationThanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Using specific observations to create general principles
NeoclassicismIn the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Francis Bacon
Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews
Consumer RevolutionMiddle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Johannes KeplerAffirmed Copernicus’ findings and through complex math of his own, found that plants orbit in ellipses, not perfect circles