Enlightenment views of religion
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Thomas Hobbes
William Harvey
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Deism
Voltaire argued that there was a god, but god didn’t intervene in human affairs.
The enlightenment
French thinkers
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Salon
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
a cheap apartment building often crammed with people created in response to the influx of people moving into cities
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Denis Diderot
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Humoral theory of the body
Galen
Deductive reasoning
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Charter of towns 1792
Population increases in the 1700s
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
During the scientific Revolution, the scientific method was invented, which emphasizes observations and experimentation
Coffee Houses
Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
Inductive reasoning
Using specific observations to create general principles
Voltaire
Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations
Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.
Reading Revolution
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
These new ideas from Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo are challenging established beliefs of the Catholic Church during the catholic counter reformation. The geocentric model fit nicely with scripture so the church stuck with it.
