Unit 4 review (1648-1815) duel

Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Neoclassicism In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society

Deism

Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Francis Bacon Developed inductive reasoning

Humoral theory of the body

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Attacked mercantilist economics. Promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics.

Enlightenment views of religion

William Harvey

Charter of towns 1792

Tenaments

Salon private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats

John Locke

Galileo Galilei

Paracelsus

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.

There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Mary Wollstonecraft English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Contagious Diseases Act This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.

Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Reading Revolution

Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.

Using specific observations to create general principles

Philosophes

Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Scientific method

Deductive reasoning Using general principles to determine specific consitions

Social Contract

Ancient Greek doctor who advanced the humoral theory of the body

Enlightened absolutists monarchs Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.

Most famous French philosopher. Produced many works that criticized social and religious institutions of France. Supported religious tolerance, natural rights, but didn’t believe in democracy, only enlightened absolutism

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation

Francis Bacon Developed inductive reasoning

Geocentric model of the universe Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe

Consumer Revolution Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure

Reading Revolution The transition in Europe from a society where literacy consisted of patriarchal and communal reading of religious texts to a society where literacy was commonplace and reading material was broad and diverse. Books also became less religious. So religious censorship increased

Thomas Hobbes There is no morality in the state of nature. You need government to order the chaos of nature

Deism

a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.

Paracelsus Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.

Humoral theory of the body The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from

Population increases in the 1700s Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away

Jean-Jacques Rousseau A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Similar ideas to John Locke. Idea of the social contract

Philosophes French thinkers

Popes response to galieleo Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death

Natural rights

Charter of towns 1792 Catherine the great extended civl liberties to Russian Jews

Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.

Using specific observations to create general principles

Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books

Mary Wollstonecraft

William Harvey Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works

Coffee Houses Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas

Urbanization

Enlightenment views of religion Overall, religion was increasingly viewed as a matter of private, rather than public concern. Structures of society grew increasingly secular.

End this game?