Galileo Galilei
Built a telescope and observed that other planets and moons, existed, and weren’t just balls of light
Contagious Diseases Act
This allowed police officers to arrest any woman they suspected to be a prostitute. They were then permitted to give that woman an examination to prevent the spread of STDs. This is state-sponsered sexual assault.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Inductive reasoning
Natural rights
The idea that human beings, just by virtue of being human, possess rights like life liberty and property
Copernicus and keplers books ended up on the index of prohibited books
Coffee Houses
Grew with the increased demand for leisure during the consumer revolution and helped spread enlightenment ideas
Enlightenment thinkers applied new methods of reasoning to politics, and human institutions
William Harvey
Further overturned Galen’s theory by proving how the circulatory system works
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Argued that women and men were equal, and anything women seemed inferior at, it was only because they had been denied education and opportunities by men
French thinkers
Denis Diderot
Collaborated with other enlightened thinkers to edit and publish an encyclopedia that contained a rational explanation for everything.
Enlightened absolutists monarchs
Frederick the great of Prussia: tried to help the people. Increased freedoms of press and speech to weaken the nobility and strengthen his power.
Thanks to new technologies, fewer people were required for farming, leading many to move to the cities.
Geocentric model of the universe
Every body in the galaxy circled around the earth, including the sun. This was the Catholic Churches view and presumed model of the universe in midevil europe
Despite him being a devote catholic, the pope ruled him a heretic and placed him under house arrest. But his books were published after his death
Tenaments
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
Saw that the population was rising faster than the food supply, thought Europe was heading towards starvation
Francis Bacon
Developed inductive reasoning
Mary Wollstonecraft
English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
Deductive reasoning
Using general principles to determine specific consitions
Charter of towns 1792
Humoral theory of the body
The body is made up of 4 substances: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and flem? Imbalance of these 4 lead to disease. This is where blood letting came from
Population increases in the 1700s
Rising birth rates, improving medical technology, vaccines, and bubonic plague went away
Paracelsus
Rejected the humoral theory and claimed that chemical imbalances caused disease, meaning chemical remedies could be used to cure people.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the geocentric model of the universe through mathematics and put forward the heliocentric model, where everything orbits the sun.
Consumer Revolution
Middle and upper classes had more income, rise in demand for goods increased. People began wanting larger homes and more privacy and new venues for leisure
Enlightened Absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers. Rulers only acted enlightened when it benefitted them.
Salon
private drawing rooms where wealthy Parisian women would have intellectual discussions with aristocrats
Neoclassicism
In the later 1700s, the nature and subject of art shifted from state and religious themes to themes that appealed to bourgeoisie society
