Napoleonic Code
An enlightened law code that included equality of citizens (men) before the law, protections of wealth and private property, and religious toleration
Napoleon domestic policies
Napoleanic code, centralized government under his own authority. Created a merit based bureaucracy. He figured out how to balance absolutism and enlightenment ideals.
Napoleon returns to France from Elba after being forced to abdicate the throne by the coalition of nations. Tried to overthrow his replacement Louis the 18th, but was defeated by other nations and sent to St. Helena island.
Great fear
A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
Imbalances in the estates general. 97% of the population only got 1 vote.
Napoleaon curtailed the freedom of speech and press
Installed state-sponsored censors in every major newspaper
Period of radical social and political change throughout Europe that began with an uprising
Reign of Terror
(1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty" by the committee of public safety
People stormed a debtors prison for people who couldn't pay taxes, in response to learning that king Louis was assembling an army to crush the National Assembly
Napoleon Bonaparte
Effects of the French Revolution
Led to the Haitian revolution, other European thinkers argued against the chaos of the reign of terror and prevented the revolution from spreading
Worked to maintain the status quo and peace. They sometimes executed innocent people to send a message
Holds a vote and becomes first consul for life, he then uses that power to crown himself as emperor
French revolution other cause
Tennis Court Oath
A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
A series of conflicts fought between the French Revolutionary government and European states hostile to the Revolution (1792-1802). A war of people against kings. France shocked everyone and won.
Peninsular War (1808-1813)
Second phase of the French Revolution 1792-1794, Radicals (Jacobins) gain control of National Assembly becoming the National Convention. The Monarchy is abolished, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed, Committee of Public Safety created, Reign of Terror killed anyone who opposed revolution
Continental System
Led by the bourgeoisie. National Assembly drafted the declaration of the rights of man and citizen and nationalized the catholic church. Women played a large role in this phase
October March on Versailles
Women marched to the palace of Versailles to demand the bread the king was hoarding. They then stormed the palace, killed several guards, and forced the king to accept the declaration of the rights of man and citizen, which he did
British East India Company
Foreign responses to French revolution
Napoleon overthrows Directory
In 1799 napoleon returns from Egypt and helps overthrow the French government and establishes a three member consulate with himself as ruler. People supported a less representative government in exchange for peace and stability.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Drew inspiration from enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Voltaire. Provided for freedom of speech and a representative government. Abolished the privileges of the upper estates, established popular sovereignty in France
Conference of Vienna (1815)
European states gathered to negotiate how to restore the balance of power that had been so messed up by napoleon. Tried to establish lasting peace in Europe. Led to 50 years of peace.
National Assembly nationalized and reforms the church
Confiscated church property, eliminated the taxes peasants had to pay the church, clergy were placed under state control
National Assembly
King Louis locked the third estate out of the meeting room, they declared themselves the national assembly
British Navigation Acts
Expensive foreign wars (Louis 14-16) led to always increasing tax burden placed squarely on the peasants because the nobility was exempted from paying taxes
