Napoleon returns to France from Elba after being forced to abdicate the throne by the coalition of nations. Tried to overthrow his replacement Louis the 18th, but was defeated by other nations and sent to St. Helena island.
French Revolution economic causes
Expensive foreign wars (Louis 14-16) led to always increasing tax burden placed squarely on the peasants because the nobility was exempted from paying taxes
Napoleon Bonaparte
Tennis Court Oath
A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
European states gathered to negotiate how to restore the balance of power that had been so messed up by napoleon. Tried to establish lasting peace in Europe. Led to 50 years of peace.
Effects of the French Revolution
Led to the Haitian revolution, other European thinkers argued against the chaos of the reign of terror and prevented the revolution from spreading
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
Series of major wars led by French Emperor Napoleon against various Europeans powers after the French Revolution; ended with the failed invasion of Russia in 1812 and the loss at Waterloo in 1815. Spread French enlightenment ideas and rights.
War over the control of Austria due to the fact that Charles VI left Maria Theresa (a girl) as heir to the throne. Frederick II of Prussia invaded due to a want for Silesia and France helped him in order to humiliate their enemy (Austria.) Great Britain allied with Austria to prevent France from gaining more land. The colonies of F and GB began to fight also. Austria gave Silesia to Prussia and the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war.
A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
October March on Versailles
Women marched to the palace of Versailles to demand the bread the king was hoarding. They then stormed the palace, killed several guards, and forced the king to accept the declaration of the rights of man and citizen, which he did
Imbalances in the estates general. 97% of the population only got 1 vote.
People stormed a debtors prison for people who couldn't pay taxes, in response to learning that king Louis was assembling an army to crush the National Assembly
National Assembly nationalized and reforms the church
Confiscated church property, eliminated the taxes peasants had to pay the church, clergy were placed under state control
Napoleanic code, centralized government under his own authority. Created a merit based bureaucracy. He figured out how to balance absolutism and enlightenment ideals.
established a limited monarchy with 3 branches of government: legislative assembly, king, and revised judicial system.
Concordat of 1801
Seven Years War
Foreign responses to French revolution
Other European monarchies didn't like the revolution. In response France built the largest military Europe had ever seen by conscripting every man aged 18-25. They won the wars
Liberal Phase of the French Revolution (1789-92)
Led by the bourgeoisie. National Assembly drafted the declaration of the rights of man and citizen and nationalized the catholic church. Women played a large role in this phase
French revolution other cause
There was a bread shortage which finally sparked the revolution
Goods being shipped to or from british colonie shad to be on british ships. Made the british merchants very rich and weakened the dutch.
Radical Phase
Second phase of the French Revolution 1792-1794, Radicals (Jacobins) gain control of National Assembly becoming the National Convention. The Monarchy is abolished, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed, Committee of Public Safety created, Reign of Terror killed anyone who opposed revolution
National Assembly
Installed state-sponsored censors in every major newspaper
Dutch East India Company
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Drew inspiration from enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Voltaire. Provided for freedom of speech and a representative government. Abolished the privileges of the upper estates, established popular sovereignty in France
Napoleon overthrows Directory
In 1799 napoleon returns from Egypt and helps overthrow the French government and establishes a three member consulate with himself as ruler. People supported a less representative government in exchange for peace and stability.
Napoleon's secret police
Worked to maintain the status quo and peace. They sometimes executed innocent people to send a message
British East India Company
Provided competition to Riley dutch east India company
French revolutionary wars
