Imperialism led to a partial rejection of social darwinism
New imperialism causes
After industrialization there was a strong motive to imperialize other parts of the globe to gain access to more raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods.
Racial superiority & Social Darwinism
After contrasting the wealth and power that industrialized nations in europe had accumulated with the relative poverty of many places in Africa, many europeans concluded that western nations were superior.
3 key wars that Bismarck used to unify germany
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Bismarck became chancellor of Germany
After unifying all of Germany, he served as the chancellor of germany from 1871 to 1890. His policies during this time aimed to isolate france, whom he considered Germany's greatest enemy.
The franco-Prussian war forced Napoleon III to withdraw french troops from Rome, so italy just took it.
Sepoy rebellion
Because of a feeling that India was losing its heritage and culture, and a rumor that the british were greasing their ammunition carriages in the fat of cows, the sepoy (Indian soldiers who worked for the british) rebelled in 1857. It spread rapidly across india, but the british eventually crushed it. India transferred from east india company to british government,
Berlin conference (1884-1885)
Made decisions about who would get what territory in Africa to prevent a war in europe.
Created in 1882 by Bismarck. An alliance between germany, austria, and italy which supported the existing political orders in these state, as well as a mutual defence pact against france.
Entente cordiale
Southern italian unification
Positivism
Taught that any rational conclusion must be able to be scientifically verified or provable through mathematical quantification. Truth = Science or Math, not god or mythology
Theodor Hertzl
A German Jew who argued in 1835 that Jews should have a land of their own and that land should be their ancestral home of Palestine.
Ems telegram
A document forged by Bismarck of a Prussian diplomat
allegedly insulting Napoleon III, provoking a war with france
European advantages over African resistance
Military technology developed in the second industrial revolution like the machine gun, telegrams and railroads made running a nation from the other side of the world much easier, and new medicines that let europeans survive in africa.
Effects of the Crimean war
Effectively broke up the concert of Europe which had kept the peace and the balance of power in Europe, since it's inception. Britain and Russia focused inward, creating the conditions for Italian and German unification.
Dual monarchy of Austria Hungary.
Austria was unable to suppress the growing nationalism in Hungary. This led to the creation of the dual monarchy
A nationalism movement that sprang up among European Jews. Enlightenment ideals led to more tolerance for Jews. But Zionism responded to the growing anit-semitism that came back after incidents like the dreufus affair
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Enlightenment impact on nationalism
The Crimean war
A war over religion and politics. The Ottoman sultan granted special privilege's to French Catholics, and Russia wanted those same privilege's for Orthodox Christians. France and Russia wanted to weaken an empire already divided by internal nationalist divisions. When Austria declared neutrality and left Russia all alone, Russia lost.
Austro-Prussian war of 1866
Before this war broke out, Bismarck skillfully negotiated non-interference treaties with Britain and Russia. He then started a war over the two provinces he was sharing with austria, forcing the other smaller German provinces to pick a side, which they did. #Unification
Academic German published a collection of fairy tales from German culture. Their goal was to connect living germans with their ancestral roots.
Franco-Prussian war
Relativism
Since positivism rejected the idea that there was one overarching truth that applied to everyone everywhere, that meant hat all truth was relative.
General theory of relativity, new sciency things
Northern Italian unification
Dreyfus Affair
A french solider was accused and convicted of leaking secret documents to the germans. Divided the country between people who thought he was being unjustly accused because he was Jewish, and others who thought the charges were believable because he was Jewish.
Realpolitik
A method of political maneuvering that sought practical results. "What is the best action for me to take, in order to get what I want?"
Otto von Bismarck
Introduced reforms aimed a bulking up Prussia's wealth, most notably, by increasing its military.
