Entente cordiale
3 key wars that Bismarck used to unify germany
Sepoy rebellion
Because of a feeling that India was losing its heritage and culture, and a rumor that the british were greasing their ammunition carriages in the fat of cows, the sepoy (Indian soldiers who worked for the british) rebelled in 1857. It spread rapidly across india, but the british eventually crushed it. India transferred from east india company to british government,
Relativism
Since positivism rejected the idea that there was one overarching truth that applied to everyone everywhere, that meant hat all truth was relative.
The Crimean war
Theodor Hertzl
A German Jew who argued in 1835 that Jews should have a land of their own and that land should be their ancestral home of Palestine.
Dreyfus Affair
Enlightenment impact on nationalism
Imperialism led to a partial rejection of social darwinism
Dual monarchy of Austria Hungary.
Austria was unable to suppress the growing nationalism in Hungary. This led to the creation of the dual monarchy
Military technology developed in the second industrial revolution like the machine gun, telegrams and railroads made running a nation from the other side of the world much easier, and new medicines that let europeans survive in africa.
Franco-Prussian war
Bismarck wanted to unify with the sounthern German states he had just fought a war with by fighting a common enemy: France. After falsifying a document and starting a war with france, the german states united together and won.
New ideas in the 1800s - 1900s
General theory of relativity, new sciency things
Otto von Bismarck
New imperialism causes
After industrialization there was a strong motive to imperialize other parts of the globe to gain access to more raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods.
Academic German published a collection of fairy tales from German culture. Their goal was to connect living germans with their ancestral roots.
Racial superiority & Social Darwinism
After contrasting the wealth and power that industrialized nations in europe had accumulated with the relative poverty of many places in Africa, many europeans concluded that western nations were superior.
Rome unifies with italy
The franco-Prussian war forced Napoleon III to withdraw french troops from Rome, so italy just took it.
Ems telegram
A document forged by Bismarck of a Prussian diplomat
allegedly insulting Napoleon III, provoking a war with france
Effects of the Crimean war
Effectively broke up the concert of Europe which had kept the peace and the balance of power in Europe, since it's inception. Britain and Russia focused inward, creating the conditions for Italian and German unification.
Southern italian unification
Positivism
Taught that any rational conclusion must be able to be scientifically verified or provable through mathematical quantification. Truth = Science or Math, not god or mythology
Triple alliance
Created in 1882 by Bismarck. An alliance between germany, austria, and italy which supported the existing political orders in these state, as well as a mutual defence pact against france.
Before this war broke out, Bismarck skillfully negotiated non-interference treaties with Britain and Russia. He then started a war over the two provinces he was sharing with austria, forcing the other smaller German provinces to pick a side, which they did. #Unification
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Bismarck got Austria to help him conquer 2 german provinces controlled by Denmark. They won easily and Prussia got one, and Austria got the other.
Zulu rebellion
Europeans had divided africa with little to no regard for tribal boundaries or conflicts. The native zulu tribe, who had been forced to mine for diamonds, revolted with an army of over 40,000 men, but eventually lost to the british.
Made decisions about who would get what territory in Africa to prevent a war in europe.
Realpolitik
A method of political maneuvering that sought practical results. "What is the best action for me to take, in order to get what I want?"
Bismarck became chancellor of Germany
Under the leadership of Count Cavor, Piedmont industrialized and built a massive army. Promised Napoleon the 3rd that France could keep its territories if it helped expel Austria from Italy. Napoleon didn't do his job, however the northern Italian nationalists joined Piedmont. Northern Italy is unified.
