European advantages over African resistance
Military technology developed in the second industrial revolution like the machine gun, telegrams and railroads made running a nation from the other side of the world much easier, and new medicines that let europeans survive in africa.
3 key wars that Bismarck used to unify germany
Zulu rebellion
Europeans had divided africa with little to no regard for tribal boundaries or conflicts. The native zulu tribe, who had been forced to mine for diamonds, revolted with an army of over 40,000 men, but eventually lost to the british.
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Zionism
Enlightenment impact on nationalism
The emotional aspect of nationalism indicated that nationalism was a reaction against the cold rationality of the enlightenment
Relativism
Austro-Prussian war of 1866
Before this war broke out, Bismarck skillfully negotiated non-interference treaties with Britain and Russia. He then started a war over the two provinces he was sharing with austria, forcing the other smaller German provinces to pick a side, which they did. #Unification
Giuseppe Garibaldi led his men (clad in red shirts) to unify the southern region. He then gave over sovereignty to the north, finally unifying italy, except for Rome, which was still occupied by france.
Under the leadership of Count Cavor, Piedmont industrialized and built a massive army. Promised Napoleon the 3rd that France could keep its territories if it helped expel Austria from Italy. Napoleon didn't do his job, however the northern Italian nationalists joined Piedmont. Northern Italy is unified.
The franco-Prussian war forced Napoleon III to withdraw french troops from Rome, so italy just took it.
Theodor Hertzl
Triple entente
An alliance between Britain, france, and Russia created in 1907 in response to the triple alliance.
Ems telegram
A document forged by Bismarck of a Prussian diplomat
allegedly insulting Napoleon III, provoking a war with france
Effects of the Crimean war
Effectively broke up the concert of Europe which had kept the peace and the balance of power in Europe, since it's inception. Britain and Russia focused inward, creating the conditions for Italian and German unification.
Bismarck became chancellor of Germany
Imperialism led to a partial rejection of social darwinism
Some people began to see the problem with brutally colonizing other places
Entente cordiale
France agreed to become friends with britian because they both wanted territory in sudan to build railroads, but France was way outnumbered and wanted a friend to defend against germany. Lays the groundwork for their alliance in WWI
Dreyfus Affair
A french solider was accused and convicted of leaking secret documents to the germans. Divided the country between people who thought he was being unjustly accused because he was Jewish, and others who thought the charges were believable because he was Jewish.
Racial superiority & Social Darwinism
After contrasting the wealth and power that industrialized nations in europe had accumulated with the relative poverty of many places in Africa, many europeans concluded that western nations were superior.
Berlin conference (1884-1885)
Made decisions about who would get what territory in Africa to prevent a war in europe.
Taught that any rational conclusion must be able to be scientifically verified or provable through mathematical quantification. Truth = Science or Math, not god or mythology
The brothers Grimm
Academic German published a collection of fairy tales from German culture. Their goal was to connect living germans with their ancestral roots.
Introduced reforms aimed a bulking up Prussia's wealth, most notably, by increasing its military.
Franco-Prussian war
New ideas in the 1800s - 1900s
The Crimean war
Triple alliance
Created in 1882 by Bismarck. An alliance between germany, austria, and italy which supported the existing political orders in these state, as well as a mutual defence pact against france.
Because of a feeling that India was losing its heritage and culture, and a rumor that the british were greasing their ammunition carriages in the fat of cows, the sepoy (Indian soldiers who worked for the british) rebelled in 1857. It spread rapidly across india, but the british eventually crushed it. India transferred from east india company to british government,
New imperialism causes
