Austria was unable to suppress the growing nationalism in Hungary. This led to the creation of the dual monarchy
Enlightenment impact on nationalism
The emotional aspect of nationalism indicated that nationalism was a reaction against the cold rationality of the enlightenment
Relativism
Southern italian unification
Giuseppe Garibaldi led his men (clad in red shirts) to unify the southern region. He then gave over sovereignty to the north, finally unifying italy, except for Rome, which was still occupied by france.
Berlin conference (1884-1885)
Made decisions about who would get what territory in Africa to prevent a war in europe.
Imperialism led to a partial rejection of social darwinism
Some people began to see the problem with brutally colonizing other places
Sepoy rebellion
Bismarck became chancellor of Germany
After unifying all of Germany, he served as the chancellor of germany from 1871 to 1890. His policies during this time aimed to isolate france, whom he considered Germany's greatest enemy.
Bismarck wanted to unify with the sounthern German states he had just fought a war with by fighting a common enemy: France. After falsifying a document and starting a war with france, the german states united together and won.
An alliance between Britain, france, and Russia created in 1907 in response to the triple alliance.
3 key wars that Bismarck used to unify germany
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Northern Italian unification
Under the leadership of Count Cavor, Piedmont industrialized and built a massive army. Promised Napoleon the 3rd that France could keep its territories if it helped expel Austria from Italy. Napoleon didn't do his job, however the northern Italian nationalists joined Piedmont. Northern Italy is unified.
Introduced reforms aimed a bulking up Prussia's wealth, most notably, by increasing its military.
Created in 1882 by Bismarck. An alliance between germany, austria, and italy which supported the existing political orders in these state, as well as a mutual defence pact against france.
Zionism
A nationalism movement that sprang up among European Jews. Enlightenment ideals led to more tolerance for Jews. But Zionism responded to the growing anit-semitism that came back after incidents like the dreufus affair
Dreyfus Affair
New imperialism causes
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Zulu rebellion
The Crimean war
Austro-Prussian war of 1866
Before this war broke out, Bismarck skillfully negotiated non-interference treaties with Britain and Russia. He then started a war over the two provinces he was sharing with austria, forcing the other smaller German provinces to pick a side, which they did. #Unification
Academic German published a collection of fairy tales from German culture. Their goal was to connect living germans with their ancestral roots.
Effectively broke up the concert of Europe which had kept the peace and the balance of power in Europe, since it's inception. Britain and Russia focused inward, creating the conditions for Italian and German unification.
Ems telegram
Entente cordiale
France agreed to become friends with britian because they both wanted territory in sudan to build railroads, but France was way outnumbered and wanted a friend to defend against germany. Lays the groundwork for their alliance in WWI
Rome unifies with italy
The franco-Prussian war forced Napoleon III to withdraw french troops from Rome, so italy just took it.
Racial superiority & Social Darwinism
After contrasting the wealth and power that industrialized nations in europe had accumulated with the relative poverty of many places in Africa, many europeans concluded that western nations were superior.
Theodor Hertzl
Realpolitik
A method of political maneuvering that sought practical results. "What is the best action for me to take, in order to get what I want?"
European advantages over African resistance
Military technology developed in the second industrial revolution like the machine gun, telegrams and railroads made running a nation from the other side of the world much easier, and new medicines that let europeans survive in africa.
