3 key wars that Bismarck used to unify germany
Prussian-Danish war of 1864
Positivism
Theodor Hertzl
Berlin conference (1884-1885)
Enlightenment impact on nationalism
The emotional aspect of nationalism indicated that nationalism was a reaction against the cold rationality of the enlightenment
Rome unifies with italy
New imperialism causes
After industrialization there was a strong motive to imperialize other parts of the globe to gain access to more raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods.
Racial superiority & Social Darwinism
After contrasting the wealth and power that industrialized nations in europe had accumulated with the relative poverty of many places in Africa, many europeans concluded that western nations were superior.
Southern italian unification
Bismarck wanted to unify with the sounthern German states he had just fought a war with by fighting a common enemy: France. After falsifying a document and starting a war with france, the german states united together and won.
Zionism
A nationalism movement that sprang up among European Jews. Enlightenment ideals led to more tolerance for Jews. But Zionism responded to the growing anit-semitism that came back after incidents like the dreufus affair
An alliance between Britain, france, and Russia created in 1907 in response to the triple alliance.
Northern Italian unification
The brothers Grimm
Academic German published a collection of fairy tales from German culture. Their goal was to connect living germans with their ancestral roots.
Austria was unable to suppress the growing nationalism in Hungary. This led to the creation of the dual monarchy
Dreyfus Affair
A french solider was accused and convicted of leaking secret documents to the germans. Divided the country between people who thought he was being unjustly accused because he was Jewish, and others who thought the charges were believable because he was Jewish.
A method of political maneuvering that sought practical results. "What is the best action for me to take, in order to get what I want?"
Otto von Bismarck
Introduced reforms aimed a bulking up Prussia's wealth, most notably, by increasing its military.
Austro-Prussian war of 1866
Before this war broke out, Bismarck skillfully negotiated non-interference treaties with Britain and Russia. He then started a war over the two provinces he was sharing with austria, forcing the other smaller German provinces to pick a side, which they did. #Unification
France agreed to become friends with britian because they both wanted territory in sudan to build railroads, but France was way outnumbered and wanted a friend to defend against germany. Lays the groundwork for their alliance in WWI
The Crimean war
Military technology developed in the second industrial revolution like the machine gun, telegrams and railroads made running a nation from the other side of the world much easier, and new medicines that let europeans survive in africa.
Bismarck got Austria to help him conquer 2 german provinces controlled by Denmark. They won easily and Prussia got one, and Austria got the other.
Zulu rebellion
Europeans had divided africa with little to no regard for tribal boundaries or conflicts. The native zulu tribe, who had been forced to mine for diamonds, revolted with an army of over 40,000 men, but eventually lost to the british.
General theory of relativity, new sciency things
Effects of the Crimean war
Effectively broke up the concert of Europe which had kept the peace and the balance of power in Europe, since it's inception. Britain and Russia focused inward, creating the conditions for Italian and German unification.
Created in 1882 by Bismarck. An alliance between germany, austria, and italy which supported the existing political orders in these state, as well as a mutual defence pact against france.
Sepoy rebellion
Because of a feeling that India was losing its heritage and culture, and a rumor that the british were greasing their ammunition carriages in the fat of cows, the sepoy (Indian soldiers who worked for the british) rebelled in 1857. It spread rapidly across india, but the british eventually crushed it. India transferred from east india company to british government,
Imperialism led to a partial rejection of social darwinism
Some people began to see the problem with brutally colonizing other places
After unifying all of Germany, he served as the chancellor of germany from 1871 to 1890. His policies during this time aimed to isolate france, whom he considered Germany's greatest enemy.
