French popular front
A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france
Spanish popular front
The spanish army opposed the popular front. A general named Francisco Franco led a violent uprising against the popular front. Which led to a civil war. Represented a kind of testing ground for WWII, while Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco, western democracies did little to help the popular front.
Easter rebellion
Pan-Slavism
Mandate system
Entente alliance promised the middle east independence after the war. However "they thought they weren't ready for independence" and they wanted oil, so they kept running them anyway
Trench warfare
Miles of trenches were dug and fortified with barbed wire, and when one side decided to launch an offensive, they would charge out of their trenche, get mowed down by machine gun fire, and then retreat. Led to stalemates
New military technology
Machine guns, Chemical weapons, and other brutal new technologies led to trench warfare.
World war one spreads
February revolution
Factory workers, many of whom were women, protested the cost of food like bread.
The treaty of Versailles established many new parliamentary democracies like Poland and yugoslavia, which struggled during the problems of the inter-war period. Fascist leaders gained power because people wanted a strong leader to solve all their problems.
Pact of steel
Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat
Assasination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914
As he and his wife were being paraded around Bosnia, a Serbian nationalist shot him. Austria gave the serbian government an ultimatum, which would require taking responsibility for the assassination. Since they refused to do that, austria declares war on Serbia
Peasant farmers were no longer required to send their produce to the state and could sell it on the open market. Lenin permitted private ownership of small businesses. Lenin cut corners and didn't follow the original plan for the communist government.
When all of the resources of a state, from the state level to the average people are leveraged to fight a war.
Treaty of versailles
Just give Hitler what he wants and keep the peace.
Russian civil war
The aristocracy wasn't happy about a peasant revolution. Collaborated with western countries to fight the bolsheviks with a massive army. Communists organized the army and used nationalistic sentiment to drive the western countries out. Russia becomes the Soviet Union.
Women's rights during war
Women joined the military and supported the war effort, this directly led to women gaining the right to vote about 30 years later.
Fascism
A system of government characterized by extreme paternalistic, militaristic nationalism in which the interests of the people are subordinated to the interests of the state and its leader. Was appealing because of all the post-war crisis
Great depression causes
War debt: European countries had no money and were forced to borrow from the United States.
Nationalistic tariff policies
Overproduction: When the war ended, demand for military goods dropped significantly
Financial speculation
U.S stock market collapsed.
In Russia, world war I exacerbated long-term problems of political stagnation, social inequality, incomplete industrialization, and food and land distribution, which altogether had the effect of engendering widespread support for revolutionary change.
The U.S enters the war and it's massive industrial capacity and the british invention of tanks tipped the balance of power against germany and the triple alliance.
April theses
Vladamir Lenin published which outlined the steps to revolution.
Peace, land, and bread
Worker control of production
All power to the soviets
Benito Mussolini
First to use the word Fascism to characterize the system of government he claimed would solve all of italy's problems. Used modern technology to spread his propaganda to all Italians.
Tzar Nicholas
Upset at all the chaos from the February revolution while he was busy in world war I, ordered his troops to put down the protests. Instead, his troops joined them and the tzar lost control of the Military.
Black/Brown shirts
World war I causes
Militarism: armies were growing quickly thanks to mass conscription
Aliances: Triple alliance and triple entente. Both sides are becoming suspisous and antagonistic of one another
Imperialism: New tension over who gets which colonies
Nationalism: Military leaders began to think that war was an acceptable way of bringing glory to their state
Bolshevik troops storm the winter palace
They stormed the provisional government's headquarters and now the communists are now in control of Russia
Age of anxiety
2 world wars, nuclear bombs, and scientific advancements that shattered accepted beliefs made everyone nervous.
