Unit 8 review (1914-Present) duel

Trench warfare Miles of trenches were dug and fortified with barbed wire, and when one side decided to launch an offensive, they would charge out of their trenche, get mowed down by machine gun fire, and then retreat. Led to stalemates

Mandate system Entente alliance promised the middle east independence after the war. However "they thought they weren't ready for independence" and they wanted oil, so they kept running them anyway

Stalemate is broken

Soviet union new economic policy Peasant farmers were no longer required to send their produce to the state and could sell it on the open market. Lenin permitted private ownership of small businesses. Lenin cut corners and didn't follow the original plan for the communist government.

Pact of steel Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat

Russian revolution

The economic and political turmoil sent spain into a tailspin. Their parliamentary democracy collapsed and the popular front took control. Represented the interests of workers and communists.

Fascism grows in eastern europe

Benito Mussolini

A growing nationalistic fever in which all of the slavic nations felt they ought to be under the one leadership of Russia. Helps explain why Russia got involved when Austria declares war on Serbia

Age of anxiety

Fascism A system of government characterized by extreme paternalistic, militaristic nationalism in which the interests of the people are subordinated to the interests of the state and its leader. Was appealing because of all the post-war crisis

Spanish civil war The spanish army opposed the popular front. A general named Francisco Franco led a violent uprising against the popular front. Which led to a civil war. Represented a kind of testing ground for WWII, while Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco, western democracies did little to help the popular front.

Five year plan

Women's rights during war Women joined the military and supported the war effort, this directly led to women gaining the right to vote about 30 years later.

Upset at all the chaos from the February revolution while he was busy in world war I, ordered his troops to put down the protests. Instead, his troops joined them and the tzar lost control of the Military.

Bolshevik troops storm the winter palace

Treaty of versailles

April theses

When all of the resources of a state, from the state level to the average people are leveraged to fight a war.

French popular front A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france

February revolution Factory workers, many of whom were women, protested the cost of food like bread.

Machine guns, Chemical weapons, and other brutal new technologies led to trench warfare.

Russia, in defense of it's slavic ally, mobilized its forces against Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary, seeing an opportunity to weaken Bosnian influence in the Balkans decided to intervene. They called on Germany to assist them. This drags the rest of the alliance system into the conflict.

Russian civil war The aristocracy wasn't happy about a peasant revolution. Collaborated with western countries to fight the bolsheviks with a massive army. Communists organized the army and used nationalistic sentiment to drive the western countries out. Russia becomes the Soviet Union.

Great depression causes

Appeasement

Easter rebellion

Assasination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914

Black/Brown shirts Mussolini & Hitler's secret police that made dissent a fearful prospect

Fascism grows in eastern europe

Tzar Nicholas

Peasant farmers were no longer required to send their produce to the state and could sell it on the open market. Lenin permitted private ownership of small businesses. Lenin cut corners and didn't follow the original plan for the communist government.

Spanish popular front The economic and political turmoil sent spain into a tailspin. Their parliamentary democracy collapsed and the popular front took control. Represented the interests of workers and communists.

World war I causes Militarism: armies were growing quickly thanks to mass conscription Aliances: Triple alliance and triple entente. Both sides are becoming suspisous and antagonistic of one another Imperialism: New tension over who gets which colonies Nationalism: Military leaders began to think that war was an acceptable way of bringing glory to their state

Appeasement

Fascism

Total war When all of the resources of a state, from the state level to the average people are leveraged to fight a war.

Treaty of versailles It stopped the fighting, but didn't address the tensions that started the war in the first place. Reparations from Germany, War guilt clause: blamed the entire war on germany. Demilitarization: Crushed Germanys national identity

Women joined the military and supported the war effort, this directly led to women gaining the right to vote about 30 years later.

Easter rebellion Ireland wanted to be independent from britain. Although Britian had passed a home-rule bill, they put it on pause during the war. Ireland thought they were backtracking and so on easter sunday in 1916, Irish rebels began fighting british soldiers, who eventually put the rebellion down.

World war one spreads

Trench warfare

Age of anxiety 2 world wars, nuclear bombs, and scientific advancements that shattered accepted beliefs made everyone nervous.

Black/Brown shirts

Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat

Great depression causes

Benito Mussolini First to use the word Fascism to characterize the system of government he claimed would solve all of italy's problems. Used modern technology to spread his propaganda to all Italians.

Pan-Slavism A growing nationalistic fever in which all of the slavic nations felt they ought to be under the one leadership of Russia. Helps explain why Russia got involved when Austria declares war on Serbia

Bolshevik troops storm the winter palace They stormed the provisional government's headquarters and now the communists are now in control of Russia

As he and his wife were being paraded around Bosnia, a Serbian nationalist shot him. Austria gave the serbian government an ultimatum, which would require taking responsibility for the assassination. Since they refused to do that, austria declares war on Serbia

A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france

February revolution Factory workers, many of whom were women, protested the cost of food like bread.

The U.S enters the war and it's massive industrial capacity and the british invention of tanks tipped the balance of power against germany and the triple alliance.

New military technology

Five year plan After Lenin, Joseph Stalin took power. After consolidating party power under himself, he implemented a five year plan with the goal to rapidly industrialize the soviet union. Much like Lenin, Stalin skipped crucial steps, like providing housing. People would rather starve than farm for the government.

Russian revolution In Russia, world war I exacerbated long-term problems of political stagnation, social inequality, incomplete industrialization, and food and land distribution, which altogether had the effect of engendering widespread support for revolutionary change.

Vladamir Lenin published which outlined the steps to revolution. Peace, land, and bread Worker control of production All power to the soviets

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