Russian civil war
Miles of trenches were dug and fortified with barbed wire, and when one side decided to launch an offensive, they would charge out of their trenche, get mowed down by machine gun fire, and then retreat. Led to stalemates
In Russia, world war I exacerbated long-term problems of political stagnation, social inequality, incomplete industrialization, and food and land distribution, which altogether had the effect of engendering widespread support for revolutionary change.
World war one spreads
Russia, in defense of it's slavic ally, mobilized its forces against Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary, seeing an opportunity to weaken Bosnian influence in the Balkans decided to intervene. They called on Germany to assist them. This drags the rest of the alliance system into the conflict.
Appeasement
Just give Hitler what he wants and keep the peace.
Soviet union new economic policy
Spanish popular front
Treaty of versailles
It stopped the fighting, but didn't address the tensions that started the war in the first place. Reparations from Germany, War guilt clause: blamed the entire war on germany. Demilitarization: Crushed Germanys national identity
Bolshevik troops storm the winter palace
They stormed the provisional government's headquarters and now the communists are now in control of Russia
World war I causes
Militarism: armies were growing quickly thanks to mass conscription
Aliances: Triple alliance and triple entente. Both sides are becoming suspisous and antagonistic of one another
Imperialism: New tension over who gets which colonies
Nationalism: Military leaders began to think that war was an acceptable way of bringing glory to their state
Assasination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914
As he and his wife were being paraded around Bosnia, a Serbian nationalist shot him. Austria gave the serbian government an ultimatum, which would require taking responsibility for the assassination. Since they refused to do that, austria declares war on Serbia
Pact of steel
Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat
April theses
Fascism grows in eastern europe
The treaty of Versailles established many new parliamentary democracies like Poland and yugoslavia, which struggled during the problems of the inter-war period. Fascist leaders gained power because people wanted a strong leader to solve all their problems.
Stalemate is broken
The U.S enters the war and it's massive industrial capacity and the british invention of tanks tipped the balance of power against germany and the triple alliance.
Total war
When all of the resources of a state, from the state level to the average people are leveraged to fight a war.
Black/Brown shirts
Mussolini & Hitler's secret police that made dissent a fearful prospect
Great depression causes
The spanish army opposed the popular front. A general named Francisco Franco led a violent uprising against the popular front. Which led to a civil war. Represented a kind of testing ground for WWII, while Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco, western democracies did little to help the popular front.
Women's rights during war
Women joined the military and supported the war effort, this directly led to women gaining the right to vote about 30 years later.
Benito Mussolini
First to use the word Fascism to characterize the system of government he claimed would solve all of italy's problems. Used modern technology to spread his propaganda to all Italians.
Fascism
A system of government characterized by extreme paternalistic, militaristic nationalism in which the interests of the people are subordinated to the interests of the state and its leader. Was appealing because of all the post-war crisis
Tzar Nicholas
Upset at all the chaos from the February revolution while he was busy in world war I, ordered his troops to put down the protests. Instead, his troops joined them and the tzar lost control of the Military.
Age of anxiety
Factory workers, many of whom were women, protested the cost of food like bread.
A growing nationalistic fever in which all of the slavic nations felt they ought to be under the one leadership of Russia. Helps explain why Russia got involved when Austria declares war on Serbia
Mandate system
French popular front
A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france
After Lenin, Joseph Stalin took power. After consolidating party power under himself, he implemented a five year plan with the goal to rapidly industrialize the soviet union. Much like Lenin, Stalin skipped crucial steps, like providing housing. People would rather starve than farm for the government.
Machine guns, Chemical weapons, and other brutal new technologies led to trench warfare.
