Unit 8 review (1914-Present) duel

Militarism: armies were growing quickly thanks to mass conscription Aliances: Triple alliance and triple entente. Both sides are becoming suspisous and antagonistic of one another Imperialism: New tension over who gets which colonies Nationalism: Military leaders began to think that war was an acceptable way of bringing glory to their state

Russian civil war The aristocracy wasn't happy about a peasant revolution. Collaborated with western countries to fight the bolsheviks with a massive army. Communists organized the army and used nationalistic sentiment to drive the western countries out. Russia becomes the Soviet Union.

Russia, in defense of it's slavic ally, mobilized its forces against Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary, seeing an opportunity to weaken Bosnian influence in the Balkans decided to intervene. They called on Germany to assist them. This drags the rest of the alliance system into the conflict.

Spanish civil war

Soviet union new economic policy

April theses

Spanish popular front The economic and political turmoil sent spain into a tailspin. Their parliamentary democracy collapsed and the popular front took control. Represented the interests of workers and communists.

Tzar Nicholas

Easter rebellion Ireland wanted to be independent from britain. Although Britian had passed a home-rule bill, they put it on pause during the war. Ireland thought they were backtracking and so on easter sunday in 1916, Irish rebels began fighting british soldiers, who eventually put the rebellion down.

Mandate system Entente alliance promised the middle east independence after the war. However "they thought they weren't ready for independence" and they wanted oil, so they kept running them anyway

Bolshevik troops storm the winter palace

Treaty of versailles It stopped the fighting, but didn't address the tensions that started the war in the first place. Reparations from Germany, War guilt clause: blamed the entire war on germany. Demilitarization: Crushed Germanys national identity

2 world wars, nuclear bombs, and scientific advancements that shattered accepted beliefs made everyone nervous.

Fascism

Russian revolution In Russia, world war I exacerbated long-term problems of political stagnation, social inequality, incomplete industrialization, and food and land distribution, which altogether had the effect of engendering widespread support for revolutionary change.

A growing nationalistic fever in which all of the slavic nations felt they ought to be under the one leadership of Russia. Helps explain why Russia got involved when Austria declares war on Serbia

Total war When all of the resources of a state, from the state level to the average people are leveraged to fight a war.

New military technology Machine guns, Chemical weapons, and other brutal new technologies led to trench warfare.

Great depression causes

Pact of steel Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat

French popular front A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france

Women's rights during war

Factory workers, many of whom were women, protested the cost of food like bread.

Five year plan After Lenin, Joseph Stalin took power. After consolidating party power under himself, he implemented a five year plan with the goal to rapidly industrialize the soviet union. Much like Lenin, Stalin skipped crucial steps, like providing housing. People would rather starve than farm for the government.

Fascism grows in eastern europe The treaty of Versailles established many new parliamentary democracies like Poland and yugoslavia, which struggled during the problems of the inter-war period. Fascist leaders gained power because people wanted a strong leader to solve all their problems.

Black/Brown shirts Mussolini & Hitler's secret police that made dissent a fearful prospect

Stalemate is broken

Benito Mussolini First to use the word Fascism to characterize the system of government he claimed would solve all of italy's problems. Used modern technology to spread his propaganda to all Italians.

Appeasement Just give Hitler what he wants and keep the peace.

Trench warfare Miles of trenches were dug and fortified with barbed wire, and when one side decided to launch an offensive, they would charge out of their trenche, get mowed down by machine gun fire, and then retreat. Led to stalemates

Pact of steel Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat

Soviet union new economic policy Peasant farmers were no longer required to send their produce to the state and could sell it on the open market. Lenin permitted private ownership of small businesses. Lenin cut corners and didn't follow the original plan for the communist government.

Spanish civil war The spanish army opposed the popular front. A general named Francisco Franco led a violent uprising against the popular front. Which led to a civil war. Represented a kind of testing ground for WWII, while Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco, western democracies did little to help the popular front.

Women's rights during war

Assasination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914 As he and his wife were being paraded around Bosnia, a Serbian nationalist shot him. Austria gave the serbian government an ultimatum, which would require taking responsibility for the assassination. Since they refused to do that, austria declares war on Serbia

Just give Hitler what he wants and keep the peace.

Tzar Nicholas Upset at all the chaos from the February revolution while he was busy in world war I, ordered his troops to put down the protests. Instead, his troops joined them and the tzar lost control of the Military.

February revolution Factory workers, many of whom were women, protested the cost of food like bread.

When all of the resources of a state, from the state level to the average people are leveraged to fight a war.

Ireland wanted to be independent from britain. Although Britian had passed a home-rule bill, they put it on pause during the war. Ireland thought they were backtracking and so on easter sunday in 1916, Irish rebels began fighting british soldiers, who eventually put the rebellion down.

World war I causes Militarism: armies were growing quickly thanks to mass conscription Aliances: Triple alliance and triple entente. Both sides are becoming suspisous and antagonistic of one another Imperialism: New tension over who gets which colonies Nationalism: Military leaders began to think that war was an acceptable way of bringing glory to their state

In Russia, world war I exacerbated long-term problems of political stagnation, social inequality, incomplete industrialization, and food and land distribution, which altogether had the effect of engendering widespread support for revolutionary change.

A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france

Black/Brown shirts

It stopped the fighting, but didn't address the tensions that started the war in the first place. Reparations from Germany, War guilt clause: blamed the entire war on germany. Demilitarization: Crushed Germanys national identity

April theses Vladamir Lenin published which outlined the steps to revolution. Peace, land, and bread Worker control of production All power to the soviets

Mandate system Entente alliance promised the middle east independence after the war. However "they thought they weren't ready for independence" and they wanted oil, so they kept running them anyway

A system of government characterized by extreme paternalistic, militaristic nationalism in which the interests of the people are subordinated to the interests of the state and its leader. Was appealing because of all the post-war crisis

Pan-Slavism A growing nationalistic fever in which all of the slavic nations felt they ought to be under the one leadership of Russia. Helps explain why Russia got involved when Austria declares war on Serbia

After Lenin, Joseph Stalin took power. After consolidating party power under himself, he implemented a five year plan with the goal to rapidly industrialize the soviet union. Much like Lenin, Stalin skipped crucial steps, like providing housing. People would rather starve than farm for the government.

Stalemate is broken The U.S enters the war and it's massive industrial capacity and the british invention of tanks tipped the balance of power against germany and the triple alliance.

Great depression causes

The treaty of Versailles established many new parliamentary democracies like Poland and yugoslavia, which struggled during the problems of the inter-war period. Fascist leaders gained power because people wanted a strong leader to solve all their problems.

World war one spreads Russia, in defense of it's slavic ally, mobilized its forces against Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary, seeing an opportunity to weaken Bosnian influence in the Balkans decided to intervene. They called on Germany to assist them. This drags the rest of the alliance system into the conflict.

Machine guns, Chemical weapons, and other brutal new technologies led to trench warfare.

Age of anxiety 2 world wars, nuclear bombs, and scientific advancements that shattered accepted beliefs made everyone nervous.

End this game?