Pact of steel
Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat
Spanish civil war
The spanish army opposed the popular front. A general named Francisco Franco led a violent uprising against the popular front. Which led to a civil war. Represented a kind of testing ground for WWII, while Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco, western democracies did little to help the popular front.
Assasination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914
As he and his wife were being paraded around Bosnia, a Serbian nationalist shot him. Austria gave the serbian government an ultimatum, which would require taking responsibility for the assassination. Since they refused to do that, austria declares war on Serbia
Five year plan
After Lenin, Joseph Stalin took power. After consolidating party power under himself, he implemented a five year plan with the goal to rapidly industrialize the soviet union. Much like Lenin, Stalin skipped crucial steps, like providing housing. People would rather starve than farm for the government.
In Russia, world war I exacerbated long-term problems of political stagnation, social inequality, incomplete industrialization, and food and land distribution, which altogether had the effect of engendering widespread support for revolutionary change.
February revolution
Factory workers, many of whom were women, protested the cost of food like bread.
Mandate system
Benito Mussolini
First to use the word Fascism to characterize the system of government he claimed would solve all of italy's problems. Used modern technology to spread his propaganda to all Italians.
A system of government characterized by extreme paternalistic, militaristic nationalism in which the interests of the people are subordinated to the interests of the state and its leader. Was appealing because of all the post-war crisis
It stopped the fighting, but didn't address the tensions that started the war in the first place. Reparations from Germany, War guilt clause: blamed the entire war on germany. Demilitarization: Crushed Germanys national identity
Age of anxiety
2 world wars, nuclear bombs, and scientific advancements that shattered accepted beliefs made everyone nervous.
Great depression causes
Trench warfare
Miles of trenches were dug and fortified with barbed wire, and when one side decided to launch an offensive, they would charge out of their trenche, get mowed down by machine gun fire, and then retreat. Led to stalemates
Stalemate is broken
Tzar Nicholas
Upset at all the chaos from the February revolution while he was busy in world war I, ordered his troops to put down the protests. Instead, his troops joined them and the tzar lost control of the Military.
Russian civil war
The aristocracy wasn't happy about a peasant revolution. Collaborated with western countries to fight the bolsheviks with a massive army. Communists organized the army and used nationalistic sentiment to drive the western countries out. Russia becomes the Soviet Union.
World war I causes
Women's rights during war
French popular front
A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france
Machine guns, Chemical weapons, and other brutal new technologies led to trench warfare.
Black/Brown shirts
Mussolini & Hitler's secret police that made dissent a fearful prospect
The treaty of Versailles established many new parliamentary democracies like Poland and yugoslavia, which struggled during the problems of the inter-war period. Fascist leaders gained power because people wanted a strong leader to solve all their problems.
World war one spreads
They stormed the provisional government's headquarters and now the communists are now in control of Russia
Soviet union new economic policy
Peasant farmers were no longer required to send their produce to the state and could sell it on the open market. Lenin permitted private ownership of small businesses. Lenin cut corners and didn't follow the original plan for the communist government.
Pan-Slavism
Spanish popular front
The economic and political turmoil sent spain into a tailspin. Their parliamentary democracy collapsed
and the popular front took control. Represented the interests of workers and communists.
Appeasement
Just give Hitler what he wants and keep the peace.
April theses
Vladamir Lenin published which outlined the steps to revolution.
Peace, land, and bread
Worker control of production
All power to the soviets
Total war
