Entente alliance promised the middle east independence after the war. However "they thought they weren't ready for independence" and they wanted oil, so they kept running them anyway
Ireland wanted to be independent from britain. Although Britian had passed a home-rule bill, they put it on pause during the war. Ireland thought they were backtracking and so on easter sunday in 1916, Irish rebels began fighting british soldiers, who eventually put the rebellion down.
Total war
When all of the resources of a state, from the state level to the average people are leveraged to fight a war.
Assasination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914
As he and his wife were being paraded around Bosnia, a Serbian nationalist shot him. Austria gave the serbian government an ultimatum, which would require taking responsibility for the assassination. Since they refused to do that, austria declares war on Serbia
Trench warfare
Miles of trenches were dug and fortified with barbed wire, and when one side decided to launch an offensive, they would charge out of their trenche, get mowed down by machine gun fire, and then retreat. Led to stalemates
Stalemate is broken
The U.S enters the war and it's massive industrial capacity and the british invention of tanks tipped the balance of power against germany and the triple alliance.
Bolshevik troops storm the winter palace
They stormed the provisional government's headquarters and now the communists are now in control of Russia
Black/Brown shirts
Mussolini & Hitler's secret police that made dissent a fearful prospect
Women joined the military and supported the war effort, this directly led to women gaining the right to vote about 30 years later.
New military technology
Machine guns, Chemical weapons, and other brutal new technologies led to trench warfare.
Five year plan
After Lenin, Joseph Stalin took power. After consolidating party power under himself, he implemented a five year plan with the goal to rapidly industrialize the soviet union. Much like Lenin, Stalin skipped crucial steps, like providing housing. People would rather starve than farm for the government.
2 world wars, nuclear bombs, and scientific advancements that shattered accepted beliefs made everyone nervous.
First to use the word Fascism to characterize the system of government he claimed would solve all of italy's problems. Used modern technology to spread his propaganda to all Italians.
World war one spreads
April theses
Vladamir Lenin published which outlined the steps to revolution.
Peace, land, and bread
Worker control of production
All power to the soviets
A coalition of left-wing parties whose main objective was preventing the rise of communism or fascism in france
Pact of steel
Germany, Italy, and later Japan formed an alliance and became known as the Axis Powers. Western democracies viewed this as an existential threat
Treaty of versailles
It stopped the fighting, but didn't address the tensions that started the war in the first place. Reparations from Germany, War guilt clause: blamed the entire war on germany. Demilitarization: Crushed Germanys national identity
February revolution
Spanish popular front
The economic and political turmoil sent spain into a tailspin. Their parliamentary democracy collapsed
and the popular front took control. Represented the interests of workers and communists.
World war I causes
Militarism: armies were growing quickly thanks to mass conscription
Aliances: Triple alliance and triple entente. Both sides are becoming suspisous and antagonistic of one another
Imperialism: New tension over who gets which colonies
Nationalism: Military leaders began to think that war was an acceptable way of bringing glory to their state
Upset at all the chaos from the February revolution while he was busy in world war I, ordered his troops to put down the protests. Instead, his troops joined them and the tzar lost control of the Military.
Russian civil war
The aristocracy wasn't happy about a peasant revolution. Collaborated with western countries to fight the bolsheviks with a massive army. Communists organized the army and used nationalistic sentiment to drive the western countries out. Russia becomes the Soviet Union.
The spanish army opposed the popular front. A general named Francisco Franco led a violent uprising against the popular front. Which led to a civil war. Represented a kind of testing ground for WWII, while Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco, western democracies did little to help the popular front.
Russian revolution
Appeasement
Soviet union new economic policy
A growing nationalistic fever in which all of the slavic nations felt they ought to be under the one leadership of Russia. Helps explain why Russia got involved when Austria declares war on Serbia
Fascism
A system of government characterized by extreme paternalistic, militaristic nationalism in which the interests of the people are subordinated to the interests of the state and its leader. Was appealing because of all the post-war crisis
Fascism grows in eastern europe
The treaty of Versailles established many new parliamentary democracies like Poland and yugoslavia, which struggled during the problems of the inter-war period. Fascist leaders gained power because people wanted a strong leader to solve all their problems.
