Algerian decolonization
National liberation front fought with france until Algeria was independent.
Hegemony
Chechen nationalist movement
Chechen muslims had profound anti-russian sentiments that stretch back centuries. When the USSR collapsed, they declared independence. They ruled themselves for 3 years until Russia decided to reassert its influence through a series of conflicts that ended in 2017.
European coal and steel community
Agreement between 6 countries to integrate their coal and steel operations. Was quickly profitable for member nations and the idea was that if nations were tied together economically, they wouldn't go to war with one another.
Fall of the Soviet Union in 1991
Officially ended the cold war, capitalist democracies were established in eastern europe, and germany was reunited.
Division of germany
At the end of the war, germany was divided into occupation zones. The west wanted economic recovery for Germany to keep europe stable, but the soviets wanted to keep germany weak, and wanted to extract reparations.
Hungarian revolution (1956)
Marshall plan (1947)
After WWII, Europe lay in ruins. The U.S. hoped strong democratic economies would not easily fall to communism. Western European countries gladly accepted the money, while Soviet satellite states did not.
Proxy wars
Common market (later the european union)
Indian decolonization
India used non-violent civil disobedience to negotiate with the exhausted british for independence.
A conflict between the United States and soviet union where neither engaged in direct warfare with the other.
Results of U.S. influence
Whereas the main push during the first wave was to secure the right to vote, the second wave focused on societal issues and inequalities women faced including education, marriage laws, and professional careers.
It was Wilson's insistence that nations be granted the right of national self-determination that led to calls for independence throughout the world. (14 points)
Korean war
Growth of social welfare
The idea of social welfare spread throughout europe.
Perestroika
Gorbachev's effort to restructure the soviet economy by introducing some limited free-market elements like private property
Women's rights
A major push for women's suffrage and other rights after women's contributions to WWI and WWII
Prevented east berliners from fleeing to the economically prosperous west.
Gorbachev allows for free speech
When people were allowed to express their opinions, turns out they didn't really like the USSR. A wave of nationalism spread over soviet countries who started demanding their independence.
Economic miracle
The marshall plan led to an incredible economic recovery. West Germany's GDP was 15-20% higher than in the pre-war years, and west germany was only 1 half of Germany!
Poland had alway resited communism. A labor party called solidarity protested any attempt to restrict their freedoms. In that year the soviets legalized their party, thinking they would loose anyway. Solidarity won and started dissolving the bonds between poland and the soviet union.
European union
THe EU is continually trying to balance questions of national sovereignty with the responsibilities of membership in an economic and political union
