Chechen muslims had profound anti-russian sentiments that stretch back centuries. When the USSR collapsed, they declared independence. They ruled themselves for 3 years until Russia decided to reassert its influence through a series of conflicts that ended in 2017.
Cold war
A conflict between the United States and soviet union where neither engaged in direct warfare with the other.
At the end of the war, germany was divided into occupation zones. The west wanted economic recovery for Germany to keep europe stable, but the soviets wanted to keep germany weak, and wanted to extract reparations.
2nd wave of feminism
Whereas the main push during the first wave was to secure the right to vote, the second wave focused on societal issues and inequalities women faced including education, marriage laws, and professional careers.
Although the US and USSR never directly fought, the cold war did turn hot in a couple of proxy wars across the globe.
Gorbachev allows for free speech
When people were allowed to express their opinions, turns out they didn't really like the USSR. A wave of nationalism spread over soviet countries who started demanding their independence.
Hegemony
European union
Growth of social welfare
The idea of social welfare spread throughout europe.
Officially ended the cold war, capitalist democracies were established in eastern europe, and germany was reunited.
Common market (later the european union)
They decided to expand the european coal and steel community to include other industries. Eventually integrated their economies into one larger european economy with its own currency.
National liberation front fought with france until Algeria was independent.
Korean war
Berlin wall
Prevented east berliners from fleeing to the economically prosperous west.
Marshall plan (1947)
After WWII, Europe lay in ruins. The U.S. hoped strong democratic economies would not easily fall to communism. Western European countries gladly accepted the money, while Soviet satellite states did not.
Perestroika
Gorbachev's effort to restructure the soviet economy by introducing some limited free-market elements like private property
Polish elections of 1989
Hungarian revolution (1956)
Demanded Hungary have free and fair elections in Hungary. The soviets freaked out and sent hundreds of troops, and tanks to crush the revolution
Indian decolonization
India used non-violent civil disobedience to negotiate with the exhausted british for independence.
Economic miracle
Women's rights
Agreement between 6 countries to integrate their coal and steel operations. Was quickly profitable for member nations and the idea was that if nations were tied together economically, they wouldn't go to war with one another.
Results of U.S. influence
Decolonization
