European coal and steel community
Agreement between 6 countries to integrate their coal and steel operations. Was quickly profitable for member nations and the idea was that if nations were tied together economically, they wouldn't go to war with one another.
Berlin wall
Prevented east berliners from fleeing to the economically prosperous west.
Hegemony
Polish elections of 1989
Hungarian revolution (1956)
2nd wave of feminism
Whereas the main push during the first wave was to secure the right to vote, the second wave focused on societal issues and inequalities women faced including education, marriage laws, and professional careers.
Growth of social welfare
Cold war
A conflict between the United States and soviet union where neither engaged in direct warfare with the other.
Officially ended the cold war, capitalist democracies were established in eastern europe, and germany was reunited.
Common market (later the european union)
European union
Proxy wars
Although the US and USSR never directly fought, the cold war did turn hot in a couple of proxy wars across the globe.
Marshall plan (1947)
After WWII, Europe lay in ruins. The U.S. hoped strong democratic economies would not easily fall to communism. Western European countries gladly accepted the money, while Soviet satellite states did not.
Perestroika
Gorbachev's effort to restructure the soviet economy by introducing some limited free-market elements like private property
Results of U.S. influence
Creation of world monetary and trade systems, like the International monetary fund which offered loans to help nations rebuild, and the creation of NATO for the defence of western european nations
It was Wilson's insistence that nations be granted the right of national self-determination that led to calls for independence throughout the world. (14 points)
Women's rights
A major push for women's suffrage and other rights after women's contributions to WWI and WWII
Algerian decolonization
National liberation front fought with france until Algeria was independent.
The marshall plan led to an incredible economic recovery. West Germany's GDP was 15-20% higher than in the pre-war years, and west germany was only 1 half of Germany!
Gorbachev allows for free speech
When people were allowed to express their opinions, turns out they didn't really like the USSR. A wave of nationalism spread over soviet countries who started demanding their independence.
Korean war
After Japan was defeated, their former colony Korea was divided into north and south. In 1950, the north invaded the south, and the USSR US each backed opposing sides.
Division of germany
Chechen nationalist movement
Chechen muslims had profound anti-russian sentiments that stretch back centuries. When the USSR collapsed, they declared independence. They ruled themselves for 3 years until Russia decided to reassert its influence through a series of conflicts that ended in 2017.
Indian decolonization
India used non-violent civil disobedience to negotiate with the exhausted british for independence.
