Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
George Washington's PresidencyEstablished many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Philadelphia convention12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Declaratory actParliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
British beliefs after 7 years warThey viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Colonial attitude towards independenceThey didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
The Albany conference
Common senseAttacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
First political partiesDivisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
FederalistsStrong national government
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
Shay’s rebellionFarmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
civic virtuethe character of a good participant in a system of gov
Sugar act
7 years war
Declaration of IndependenceWritten by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Olive branch petition
alien lawsauthorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
French revolutionAmbassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Virtual representation
pinckney's treaty
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Frozen!
Frozen!
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
sedition act
civic virtuethe character of a good participant in a system of gov
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Shay’s rebellionFarmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
the Compromise of 1790Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
Boston massacreParliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
French revolutionAmbassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Boost!
Boost!
Virtual representationThe idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Checks and balancesDifferent branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Failures of the articles of confederationFrance and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
British beliefs after 7 years warThey viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Connecticut compromiseCongress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Colonial attitude towards independence
British impressmentThe British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Frozen!
Frozen!
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
FederalismThe division of powers between different levels of government.
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Battle of Bunker hill
Boost!
Boost!
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
FederalistsStrong national government
The Virginia planThe plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Olive branch petitionCongress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation