drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Stamp act congress
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
Jay treaty
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
sedition act
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
the Compromise of 1790
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Connecticut compromise
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
George Washington's Presidency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
The middle ground
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
Fries rebellion
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
Federalism
The division of powers between different levels of government.
Proclamation of 1763
French revolution
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Declaratory act
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
Common sense
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
