France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
civic virtue
Philadelphia convention
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Stamp act congress
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Common sense
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Shay’s rebellion
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
French revolution
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
George Washington's Presidency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
Declaratory act
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
Declaration of Independence
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Federalists
Strong national government
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
Jay treaty
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
The New Jersey plan
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
sedition act
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
