Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Colonial attitude towards independence
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
Declaration of Independence
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Declaratory act
pinckney's treaty
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Common sense
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Federalists
French revolution
The middle ground
Townshend Acts
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
sedition act
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
