Election of 1797First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
7 years warA dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Colonial attitude towards independence
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Boston massacreParliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
British beliefs after 7 years warThey viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
The Virginia planThe plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
The middle ground
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
French revolution
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Thomas Gage
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Jay treatyBritain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Shay’s rebellionFarmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
republican motherhood
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
alien laws
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Declaration of IndependenceWritten by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Stamp act
pinckney's treaty
Olive branch petition
First political partiesDivisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Declaratory act
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Connecticut compromiseCongress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
The Virginia planThe plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Failures of the articles of confederationFrance and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Philadelphia convention12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
FederalismThe division of powers between different levels of government.
Annapolis conventionSecret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
Townshend ActsIn opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Olive branch petitionCongress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
7 years war
2nd Continental Congress
Jay treatyBritain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
virginia and kentucky resolutions
British impressment
7 years war
George Washington's Presidency
British beliefs after 7 years war
French revolutionAmbassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
First political partiesDivisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Battle of Bunker hill
The middle groundThe areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
republican motherhoodthe idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
the Compromise of 1790Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
Whiskey rebellionviolent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Shay’s rebellion
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
The Albany conferenceMeeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
XYZ affairFrench and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Stamp act congressDelegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
Election of 1797First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)