France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Battle of Bunker hill
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
The Virginia plan
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
the Compromise of 1790
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
The division of powers between different levels of government.
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Stamp act congress
pinckney's treaty
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Lexington and Concorde
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
Federalists
Strong national government
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
7 years war
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Thomas Gage
civic virtue
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Common sense
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
