violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Declaratory act
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Election of 1797
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Thomas Gage
First political parties
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Hamilton's financial plan
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Fries rebellion
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Federalism
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Jay treaty
Shay’s rebellion
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Olive branch petition
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Townshend Acts
republican motherhood
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
