Boston massacreParliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Thomas Gage
2nd Continental CongressHow would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Hamilton's financial plan
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
The middle groundThe areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Lexington and ConcordeBritish troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
The New Jersey planThe plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Sugar act
Whiskey rebellionviolent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Boost!
Boost!
Olive branch petition
alien lawsauthorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Age of passionPolitics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
British beliefs after 7 years warThey viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Townshend ActsIn opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
FederalistsStrong national government
Boost!
Boost!
Democratic RepublicansWeak national government
Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Battle of Bunker hillBritish won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
Annapolis conventionSecret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
7 years war
Proclamation of 1763Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Philadelphia convention
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
republican motherhood
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
Townshend ActsIn opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Frozen!
Frozen!
7 years warA dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Boost!
Boost!
Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
the Compromise of 1790
Hamilton's financial plan
Checks and balancesDifferent branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
The division of powers between different levels of government.
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Annapolis conventionSecret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
British beliefs after 7 years warThey viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
republican motherhoodthe idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
Boston massacreParliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
pinckney's treatybetween US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
French revolutionAmbassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
First political partiesDivisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
FederalistsStrong national government
Boost!
Boost!
Declaratory act
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Virtual representation
The Albany conference
Jay treatyBritain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
The New Jersey planThe plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
XYZ affair
7 years war
The middle groundThe areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Fries rebellionFarmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.