Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Jay treaty
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Federalists
Strong national government
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
sedition act
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Stamp act congress
The Virginia plan
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Townshend Acts
pinckney's treaty
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Democratic Republicans
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Stamp act
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
French revolution
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
7 years war
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
The middle ground
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Colonial attitude towards independence
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
