Stamp act
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Colonial attitude towards independence
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Battle of Bunker hill
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
Proclamation of 1763
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
sedition act
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Fries rebellion
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
civic virtue
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
The middle ground
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Hamilton's financial plan
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
alien laws
British impressment
republican motherhood
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Articles of confederation
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
French revolution
Checks and balances
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Jay treaty
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
