Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
7 years war
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
French revolution
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Common sense
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Articles of confederation
Battle of Bunker hill
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Stamp act congress
Federalism
The division of powers between different levels of government.
Hamilton's financial plan
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
7 years war
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Federalists
the Compromise of 1790
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
The middle ground
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
pinckney's treaty
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Jay treaty
