civic virtue
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Battle of Bunker hill
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
sedition act
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Sugar act
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Election of 1797
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Failures of the articles of confederation
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Proclamation of 1763
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Boston massacre
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
