Proclamation of 1763
Common sense
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
virginia and kentucky resolutions
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Articles of confederation
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Fries rebellion
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Philadelphia convention
George Washington's Presidency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
Checks and balances
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
The Albany conference
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Federalism
the Compromise of 1790
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
Hamilton's financial plan
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Boston massacre
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
