George Washington's Presidency
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
7 years war
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
7 years war
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
The Virginia plan
Thomas Gage
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
the Compromise of 1790
Fries rebellion
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
pinckney's treaty
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
Federalists
Strong national government
Checks and balances
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Declaration of Independence
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
sedition act
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
