Age of passion
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Proclamation of 1763
Checks and balances
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Jay treaty
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Olive branch petition
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Declaratory act
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Lexington and Concorde
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Boston massacre
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Townshend Acts
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
civic virtue
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Strong national government
The middle ground
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
