Election of 1797
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
7 years war
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Articles of confederation
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Shay’s rebellion
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Federalism
7 years war
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Stamp act
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
George Washington's Presidency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Thomas Gage
Democratic Republicans
Olive branch petition
Declaratory act
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
Checks and balances
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Colonial attitude towards independence
