Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Jay treaty
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
sedition act
French revolution
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Election of 1797
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
Articles of confederation
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Hamilton's financial plan
The middle ground
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
Strong national government
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
pinckney's treaty
civic virtue
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
