British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
civic virtue
Fries rebellion
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Proclamation of 1763
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Declaration of Independence
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Hamilton's financial plan
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
Philadelphia convention
7 years war
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
Connecticut compromise
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Olive branch petition
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Articles of confederation
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Common sense
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
the Compromise of 1790
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
