The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Federalists
Strong national government
Townshend Acts
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Checks and balances
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
civic virtue
Boston massacre
Weak national government
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Shay’s rebellion
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
Federalism
British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Jay treaty
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
The Virginia plan
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Declaratory act
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
Virtual representation
Proclamation of 1763
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Stamp act
The middle ground
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
