alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
7 years war
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Election of 1797
7 years war
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Federalism
The division of powers between different levels of government.
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Fries rebellion
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Democratic Republicans
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Colonial attitude towards independence
Jay treaty
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Stamp act congress
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
Checks and balances
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
Age of passion
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
French revolution
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
George Washington's Presidency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
