Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
XYZ affair
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
The middle ground
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
7 years war
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Colonial attitude towards independence
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
Stamp act
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
The New Jersey plan
Federalists
the Compromise of 1790
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Age of passion
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Federalism
The division of powers between different levels of government.
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Townshend Acts
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Ethan Allen and the Green mountain boys surround fort Ticonderoga, steal it's cannons, and bring them back to Boston
Stamp act congress
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
