7 years warA dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Boost!
Boost!
Sugar actReduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
The New Jersey planThe plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
British beliefs after 7 years warThey viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Olive branch petition
First political partiesDivisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Lexington and Concorde
Philadelphia convention12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Election of 1797First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Frozen!
Frozen!
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Failures of the articles of confederation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
The Virginia plan
alien lawsauthorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
XYZ affairFrench and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
Strong national government
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
sedition actapplied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Frozen!
Frozen!
FederalismThe division of powers between different levels of government.
Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Boost!
Boost!
The Albany conference
Jay treatyBritain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
The middle groundThe areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
FederalismThe division of powers between different levels of government.
Stamp actAll paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Stamp act congressDelegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
FederalistsStrong national government
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
French revolution
Shay’s rebellion
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Frozen!
Frozen!
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
virginia and kentucky resolutions
Virtual representationThe idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Boston massacreParliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Weak national government
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Declaratory actParliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
alien laws
Fries rebellionFarmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Philadelphia convention12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Townshend ActsIn opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.