Articles of confederation Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
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British impressment
alien laws
Boston massacre Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Declaration of Independence
2nd Continental Congress How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army How would they pay for it? New currency
Proclamation of 1763 Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Checks and balances Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
The division of powers between different levels of government.
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
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Jay treaty Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
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the Compromise of 1790 Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
7 years war A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Hamilton's financial plan 1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Election of 1797 First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Connecticut compromise Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Thomas Gage The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
George Washington's Presidency
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
Age of passion Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
First political parties Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
XYZ affair French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
The Albany conference Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Lexington and Concorde
Stamp act All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
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Whiskey rebellion violent tax protest from 1791-1794. the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
pinckney's treaty between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Declaratory act Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
2nd Continental Congress How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army How would they pay for it? New currency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Philadelphia convention 12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
First political parties Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
the Compromise of 1790 Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
civic virtue
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
The Virginia plan The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
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The division of powers between different levels of government.
The middle ground
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Colonial attitude towards independence They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
Common sense Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Lexington and Concorde British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
Election of 1797
Connecticut compromise Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
7 years war A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Proclamation of 1763 Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Frozen!
Frozen!
Sugar act Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Federalists Strong national government
Olive branch petition
Failures of the articles of confederation France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
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