Stamp act
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Federalism
The division of powers between different levels of government.
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
First political parties
Stamp act congress
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
French revolution
Battle of Bunker hill
The middle ground
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
The Virginia plan
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
the Compromise of 1790
Colonial attitude towards independence
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
Checks and balances
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
virginia and kentucky resolutions
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Federalists
Strong national government
republican motherhood
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Townshend Acts
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
