French revolution
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
Battle of Bunker hill
British won, but had many casualties. They eventually abandoned Boston
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
A dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
alien laws
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
Declaratory act
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Election of 1797
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Common sense
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Federalists
7 years war
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
They didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
republican motherhood
Connecticut compromise
Congress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
