British beliefs after 7 years war
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Declaratory act
Parliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
republican motherhood
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Battle of Bunker hill
Sugar act
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Connecticut compromise
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Shay’s rebellion
Farmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
Thomas Gage
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
George Washington's Presidency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
7 years war
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Stamp act
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
XYZ affair
Articles of confederation
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
Colonial attitude towards independence
