In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Declaration of Independence
Federalists
Strong national government
Proclamation of 1763
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
alien laws
authorized the president to deport "aliens" and permitted their arrest imprisonment and deportation during war time
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Common sense
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
civic virtue
the character of a good participant in a system of gov
Hamilton's financial plan
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
The middle ground
The Virginia plan
Philadelphia convention
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
All paper products sold in the colonies had to be stamped and pay a small tax. It spurred on revolutionary ideals.
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
7 years war
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
Jay treaty
British impressment
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
The New Jersey plan
The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
pinckney's treaty
between US and spain, defined border US and spanish florida, guranteed US navigation rights in mississippi river
Ambassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
