Black codes
Johnson impeached
Pres. Johnson violated the tenure of office act, and impeachment failed by one vote
Pushed hard for civil rights, wanted to punish the south. Shifted the process of reconstruction from president to congress
Republican party formed
A coalition of free soilers and whigs and northern democrats who's goal was to stop the spread of slavery.
White supremacy
White supremacy continued to dominate. Secret societies continued to terrorize African Americans (and Catholics, jews, and immigrants)
Reconstruction acts
Texan independence
Americans had been settling in Texas since the 1820s. The southerners outnumbered actual Mexicans and had brought their slaves. The Mexican government outlawed slavery and mandated catholicism.
The contested election was decided by a Republican-leaning committee the obv chose the Republican candidate. Democrats threatened to filibuster
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Established the southern border of the United States and granted a huge portion of land known as the Mexican cession which included California and new Mexico
Dred Scott case
A slave in Missouri was taken to live in free Wisconsin, for two years, and he sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves aren't citizens, and they are property so nobody can be deprived of their property without due process.
Plan to completely cut off the south by blockading southern ports and eventually the Mississippi river
Bleeding Kansas
Fighting broke out between the pro and anti-slavery factions
John Brown
Led a small raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. His goal was to arm the southern slave population and incite a slave rebellion
Fugitive slave act
Many northerners opposed the expansion of slavery, and abolitionists despised the law. There were often riots when Southerners would try to bring back a runaway slave.
Wilmot Proviso
Election of 1860
Lincoln campaigned on halting the expansion of slavery. He won without a single Southern electoral vote, prompting the south to realize they no longer any voice in the future of slavery in america
Formed by abolitionists who wanted to ban slavery everywhere
15th amendment
Protected voting rights of former slaves (in theory)
Compromise of 1850
California and New Mexico wanted to enter the union as free states.
Henry Clay created compromise: New Mexico and Utah would vote on slavery, California would be admitted as a free state, Slavery would be banned in Washington D.C., and there would be a new fugitive slave act
Battle of Vicksburg
Granted the Union control of the entire Mississippi River. Cut the confederacy in half
All African Americans were citizens of the United States
Mexican-American war
Disputes over the Texas border sparked the conflict. American troops made it all the way to Mexico city.
divided Nebraska territory into 2 sections, Kansas and Nebraska. Put slavery to a vote in each new state. Effectively overturned the Missouri compromise!
Americans believed they had a God-given right to have a nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
Positions on expansion of slavery
Argued that slavery was a constitutional right, wanted line established in the Missouri Compromise to extend all the way westward to the Pacific.
Election of 1844
James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
Tenure of Office Act
Stopped the president from removing a member of their cabinet without congressional approval (Johnson had tried to remove his secretary of war, who was a radical Republican)
Gold rush
Gold was discovered in California, population skyrocketed
