Settlement housesProvided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Tammany HallThe most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Sherman antitrust actMade monopolizing an entire market illegal
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Booker T. Washington
Changes in farming
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Government support for railroads
Worked to close down saloons
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Laissez-faire economics
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Homestead actGave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Jim Crow lawsForced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Sioux wars
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Interstate commerce actRequired railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Railroads
Sherman antitrust act
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Andrew CarnegiePioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Great railroad strike
Labor unions
Knights of labor
American protective association
Settlement housesProvided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Tammany HallThe most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Populist partyWanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Homestead actGave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Chinese exclusion act
Laissez-faire economicsThere was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Booker T. Washington
Assimilationist movement
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Jim Crow laws
Sioux warsSioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Ghost dance movementnationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
John D. RockefellerPioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.