Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
The new south
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Railroads
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Chinese exclusion act
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Laissez-faire economics
Anti-Saloon league
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Panic of 1893
