Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Settlement houses
Knights of labor
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Indian appropriation act
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Government support for railroads
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Reservation system
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
The new south
NAWSA
Homestead act
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
