APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Panic of 1893

Laissez-faire economics

Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women

Ghost dance movement

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Tammany Hall

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

Assimilationist movement

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

International migration society Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Labor unions

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Sherman antitrust act

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Labor unions

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Debates over money

Ghost dance movement

Andrew Carnegie

Gospel of wealth

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops

Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

American protective association

Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Growth of immigration

End this game?