Tammany Hall
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
American federation of labor
Booker T. Washington
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Sherman antitrust act
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Haymarket square riot
Andrew Carnegie
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
