NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Pullman strike
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Ghost dance movement
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Haymarket square riot
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
National Grange movement
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
