NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Settlement houses
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Views on immigration
Laissez-faire economics
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Labor unions
Government support for railroads
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
The new south
Dawes act
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Great railroad strike
Growth of immigration
Tammany Hall
