The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Boost!
Boost!
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
NAWSAWorked to secure voting rights for women
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
National Grange movementSocial and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Government support for railroads
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Labor unionsWorkers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Laissez-faire economicsThere was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
John D. RockefellerPioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Bessemer process
Debates over moneyFarmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Frozen!
Frozen!
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Boost!
Sioux wars
American federation of laborGrew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Frozen!
Frozen!
Chinese exclusion actNativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Booker T. Washington
Panic of 1893A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Anti-Saloon leagueWorked to close down saloons
Andrew Carnegie
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Jim Crow lawsForced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Boost!
Boost!
Tammany HallThe most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Populist partyWanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Sherman antitrust act
Pendleton Act
Reservation systemIndian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Frozen!
Frozen!
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Laissez-faire economicsThere was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Booker T. Washington
Sioux warsSioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
American protective association
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Andrew CarnegiePioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Assimilationist movementWanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
John D. Rockefeller
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Ida B. WellsEditor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Dawes act
Boost!
Boost!
Labor unionsWorkers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Knights of laborNational union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Homestead act
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Anti-Saloon league
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
National Grange movement
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical