Gospel of wealth
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Assimilationist movement
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Worked to close down saloons
Chinese exclusion act
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Views on immigration
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Reservation system
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
