congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Sherman antitrust act
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Labor unions
Knights of labor
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
White collar workers
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Jim Crow laws
Debates over money
American protective association
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Ida B. Wells
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Gospel of wealth
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
American federation of labor
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
