Government support for railroads
International migration society
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Assimilationist movement
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Labor unions
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Political machines
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
