APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

Bessemer process

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Jim Crow laws

Railroads

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Gospel of wealth

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Political machines

Settlement houses

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

International migration society

Homestead act

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Ida B. Wells

Ghost dance movement nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Populist party

Political machines

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Worked to close down saloons

Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

National Grange movement

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Interstate commerce act

Ida B. Wells

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Settlement houses

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Jim Crow laws Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

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