Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Settlement houses
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Knights of labor
Government support for railroads
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Jim Crow laws
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Pullman strike
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Growth of immigration
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Changes in farming
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
