Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Assimilationist movement
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
American federation of labor
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Laissez-faire economics
Dawes act
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Populist party
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Sherman antitrust act
Knights of labor
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Sioux wars
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
