Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Ghost dance movement
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Political machines
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Ida B. Wells
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
National Grange movement
