Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Reservation system
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Changes in farming
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Worked to secure voting rights for women
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Women's Christian Temperance Union
American protective association
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
John D. Rockefeller
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Indian appropriation act
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Anti-Saloon league
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
