National Grange movement
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Jim Crow laws
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Debates over money
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Gospel of wealth
Chinese exclusion act
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Views on immigration
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
