Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Boost!
Boost!
Homestead act
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Tammany Hall
Frozen!
Frozen!
Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Political machines
Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Frozen!
Frozen!
Growth of immigration
Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Government support for railroads
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Reservation system
Ghost dance movement nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Anti-Saloon league
Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women
American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Boost!
Boost!
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Frozen!
Frozen!
Jim Crow laws
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Frozen!
Frozen!
Great railroad strike
Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Government support for railroads
Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Views on immigration
Gospel of wealth
National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Panic of 1893
Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Interstate commerce act
Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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