Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Sioux wars
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Haymarket square riot
Bessemer process
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Laissez-faire economics
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Indian appropriation act
National Grange movement
Tammany Hall
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Anti-Saloon league
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Populist party
