By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Sioux wars
Pendleton ActPolitical appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Settlement housesProvided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
White collar workersAll the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Frozen!
Frozen!
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Ida B. WellsEditor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Panic of 1893A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Labor unionsWorkers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Reservation systemIndian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
National Grange movementSocial and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Views on immigrationFeared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Debates over moneyFarmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Knights of laborNational union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Populist partyWanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Assimilationist movementWanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Gospel of wealth
Anti-Saloon leagueWorked to close down saloons
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Homestead act
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Interstate commerce actRequired railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Government support for railroadsRailroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Ida B. WellsEditor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Gospel of wealth
Boost!
Boost!
Bessemer process
Labor unions
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
White collar workersAll the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Knights of laborNational union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Tammany Hall
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Great railroad strikeRailroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Homestead actGave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Assimilationist movementWanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Sioux wars
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Panic of 1893
Sherman antitrust actMade monopolizing an entire market illegal
Jim Crow lawsForced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties