Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Frozen!
Frozen!
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Panic of 1893
Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Boost!
Boost!
Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
NAWSA
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Boost!
Boost!
Jim Crow laws Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Government support for railroads
Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Debates over money
Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons
Changes in farming
Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
White collar workers
Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Frozen!
Frozen!
Assimilationist movement
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women
Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Boost!
Boost!
Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Great railroad strike
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Chinese exclusion act
Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Labor unions
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Pendleton Act
Boost!
Boost!
American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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