Ghost dance movement
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Pendleton Act
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
White collar workers
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
John D. Rockefeller
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Ida B. Wells
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Panic of 1893
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Tammany Hall
