Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Growth of immigration
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Sioux wars
Andrew Carnegie
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
NAWSA
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Views on immigration
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
