APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Changes in farming

Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Chinese exclusion act

There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

American federation of labor

Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

Ida B. Wells

Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Knights of labor

Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Settlement houses

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Political machines

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Pendleton Act

Sioux wars

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women

NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women

Dawes act

Sherman antitrust act

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Interstate commerce act

Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

Populist party

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Women's Christian Temperance Union

End this game?