Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Panic of 1893
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
NAWSA
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Government support for railroads
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Debates over money
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Changes in farming
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
White collar workers
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
