Sherman antitrust act
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Views on immigration
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Worked to close down saloons
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Ida B. Wells
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Populist party
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
