White collar workers
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
The new south
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Anti-Saloon league
Knights of labor
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
American federation of labor
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
International migration society
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Indian appropriation act
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Chinese exclusion act
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Changes in farming
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Pendleton Act
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
NAWSA
Pullman strike
