John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Dawes act
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Tammany Hall
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Ghost dance movement
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Sioux wars
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Pullman strike
Chinese exclusion act
