APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Changes in farming

Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

Booker T. Washington

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

The new south

Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Worked to secure voting rights for women

Ida B. Wells

Homestead act

Gospel of wealth

Settlement houses

Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

Railroads

National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Assimilationist movement

International migration society Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Great railroad strike

Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Panic of 1893

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Indian appropriation act

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Gospel of wealth

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

Pullman strike

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

Great railroad strike

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Jim Crow laws

Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Reservation system

Homestead act

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