APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Interstate commerce act

Indian appropriation act

Jim Crow laws

Worked to secure voting rights for women

Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

The new south

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Labor unions

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Settlement houses

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Pullman strike

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

International migration society

Debates over money

former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

National Grange movement

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Great railroad strike

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Labor unions

Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

International migration society

Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

John D. Rockefeller

Anti-Saloon league

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

End this game?