APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

Ida B. Wells

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Great railroad strike

Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Settlement houses

Worked to secure voting rights for women

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

Chinese exclusion act

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes

Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Growth of immigration

Assimilationist movement

Populist party

NAWSA

Interstate commerce act

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Andrew Carnegie

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Great railroad strike

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Haymarket square riot

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

Jim Crow laws Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

John D. Rockefeller

Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

End this game?