Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Interstate commerce act
Indian appropriation act
Jim Crow laws
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
The new south
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Pendleton ActPolitical appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Labor unions
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Settlement houses
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Knights of laborNational union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Pullman strike
Homestead actGave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Sioux warsSioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
International migration society
Debates over money
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
National Grange movement
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
National Grange movementSocial and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Debates over moneyFarmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Haymarket square riotAnarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
White collar workersAll the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Great railroad strike
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Tammany HallThe most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Chinese exclusion actNativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Labor unions
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
International migration society
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
John D. Rockefeller
Anti-Saloon league
Sioux warsSioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers