APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Political machines

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Settlement houses

Indian appropriation act

Worked to secure voting rights for women

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Laissez-faire economics

Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Growth of immigration

Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Reservation system

National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Government support for railroads

Haymarket square riot

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Railroads

Chinese exclusion act

Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Andrew Carnegie

A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Jim Crow laws

Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Settlement houses

Dawes act

nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

Gospel of wealth

Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Sherman antitrust act

Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

Growth of immigration

Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

End this game?