APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

White collar workers

Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Chinese exclusion act

Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

Reservation system

Sioux wars

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Jim Crow laws

Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Worked to close down saloons

Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Sherman antitrust act

Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops

Government support for railroads

Settlement houses

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Ghost dance movement nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Interstate commerce act

Worked to secure voting rights for women

Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

International migration society Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Dawes act Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Debates over money

Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

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