Worked to close down saloons
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Railroads
NAWSA
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
American protective association
Gospel of wealth
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
