National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Booker T. Washington
Sherman antitrust act
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Bessemer process
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Haymarket square riot
Railroads
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Changes in farming
Laissez-faire economics
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Labor unions
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
