Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Assimilationist movement
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Pendleton Act
Laissez-faire economics
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Worked to secure voting rights for women
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Worked to close down saloons
American protective association
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Panic of 1893
International migration society
