Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
NAWSA
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Panic of 1893
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Debates over money
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Haymarket square riot
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Knights of labor
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
