Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Labor unions
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Haymarket square riot
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Tammany Hall
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Settlement houses
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Railroads
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
