Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
National Grange movement
Booker T. Washington
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
American federation of labor
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Indian appropriation act
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
John D. Rockefeller
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Great railroad strike
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Bessemer process
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
