Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Ghost dance movement
Political machines
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Debates over money
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Anti-Saloon league
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Panic of 1893
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Ida B. Wells
