Ghost dance movementnationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Boost!
Boost!
Worked to close down saloons
Reservation system
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Great railroad strike
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Sherman antitrust actMade monopolizing an entire market illegal
Pendleton Act
Populist partyWanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
NAWSAWorked to secure voting rights for women
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Haymarket square riotAnarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Boost!
Boost!
Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
The new south
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Jim Crow lawsForced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Frozen!
Frozen!
Women's Christian Temperance Union
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Frozen!
Frozen!
Government support for railroadsRailroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
White collar workers
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Booker T. Washingtonformer slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Ida B. WellsEditor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Knights of laborNational union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
American federation of laborGrew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Boost!
Boost!
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Railroads
Great railroad strikeRailroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Dawes act
Andrew CarnegiePioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
John D. RockefellerPioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Frozen!
Frozen!
Jim Crow laws
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Boost!
Boost!
Interstate commerce actRequired railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Frozen!
Frozen!
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Gospel of wealthAndrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Laissez-faire economicsThere was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Views on immigrationFeared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Labor unionsWorkers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Booker T. Washingtonformer slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Pendleton ActPolitical appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled