Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
American protective association
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Andrew Carnegie
Homestead act
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Indian appropriation act
Government support for railroads
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
