Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Anti-Saloon leagueWorked to close down saloons
Government support for railroadsRailroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
John D. RockefellerPioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Growth of immigration
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
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Frozen!
Reservation systemIndian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
International migration society
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Debates over moneyFarmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Ida B. WellsEditor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Tammany HallThe most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Knights of laborNational union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Populist partyWanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Laissez-faire economicsThere was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Pendleton ActPolitical appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Labor unionsWorkers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Booker T. Washington
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Boost!
John D. RockefellerPioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Settlement houses
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Andrew CarnegiePioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Populist partyWanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Anti-Saloon leagueWorked to close down saloons
Ghost dance movementnationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
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Boost!
Gospel of wealthAndrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Chinese exclusion actNativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Laissez-faire economicsThere was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Views on immigration
Great railroad strikeRailroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
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Frozen!
Reservation system
Ida B. WellsEditor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities