APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

American protective association

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Ghost dance movement

American federation of labor

NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

International migration society Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Jim Crow laws

Pendleton Act

Laissez-faire economics

Sioux wars

Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

National Grange movement

White collar workers

Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

Anti-Saloon league

Changes in farming

Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Labor unions

National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women

Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Ghost dance movement nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

The new south

Debates over money

Laissez-faire economics

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Gospel of wealth

Pendleton Act

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

End this game?