Views on immigration
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
International migration society
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Andrew Carnegie
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Settlement houses
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Political machines
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Homestead act
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Haymarket square riot
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
