Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Gospel of wealth
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Changes in farming
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Anti-Saloon league
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Political machines
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Pullman strike
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Sherman antitrust act
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
