Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
National Grange movement
Ida B. Wells
Jim Crow laws
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Government support for railroads
American protective association
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Growth of immigration
Sherman antitrust act
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Knights of labor
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Chinese exclusion act
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
