Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
NAWSAWorked to secure voting rights for women
Homestead act
White collar workersAll the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Assimilationist movement
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Sherman antitrust actMade monopolizing an entire market illegal
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Reservation systemIndian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Views on immigrationFeared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Anti-Saloon leagueWorked to close down saloons
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Haymarket square riot
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
National Grange movementSocial and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Gospel of wealthAndrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Dawes act
Chinese exclusion actNativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
The new south
Settlement houses
NAWSAWorked to secure voting rights for women
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
American protective association
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Panic of 1893A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Worked to close down saloons
Andrew Carnegie
American federation of labor
Frozen!
Frozen!
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Tammany Hall
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Debates over moneyFarmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Sioux warsSioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
John D. RockefellerPioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Reservation systemIndian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
White collar workersAll the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods