Andrew Carnegie
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
American protective association
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
National Grange movement
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Ghost dance movement
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Reservation system
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Chinese exclusion act
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
