Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Pullman strike
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Populist party
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Panic of 1893
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Anti-Saloon league
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
