Anti-Saloon league
Growth of immigration
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Political machines
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Bessemer process
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
American federation of labor
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
