APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Sherman antitrust act

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Booker T. Washington

Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions

International migration society Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Bessemer process

Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Reservation system

Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Growth of immigration

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Dawes act

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Worked to close down saloons

National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women

Railroads

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Pullman strike

Andrew Carnegie

nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

NAWSA

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Settlement houses

A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

American federation of labor

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

Reservation system

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Ida B. Wells

Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

The new south

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

End this game?