APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Populist party

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Worked to secure voting rights for women

Dawes act

Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Jim Crow laws Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops

Andrew Carnegie

Booker T. Washington

Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Pullman strike

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Ghost dance movement nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

International migration society

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time

Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers

Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties

American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war

congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes

A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Growth of immigration

Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Anti-Saloon league

End this game?