Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Growth of immigration
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Reservation system
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Andrew Carnegie
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Indian appropriation act
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Worked to close down saloons
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Populist party
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Jim Crow laws
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Knights of labor
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
