Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Political machines
Populist party
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Panic of 1893
The new south
Bessemer process
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Indian appropriation act
Knights of labor
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Gospel of wealth
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Dawes act
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Anti-Saloon league
Views on immigration
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
NAWSA
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
