APUSH Unit 6 (1865-1898) duel

The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.

Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods

American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes

Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

NAWSA

Interstate commerce act

Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes

Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers

Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.

White collar workers

John D. Rockefeller

Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.

Settlement houses

Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops

By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled

Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts

Ghost dance movement

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights

Chinese exclusion act

Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members

Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job

Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard

Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them

Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons

Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process

Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans

Debates over money

NAWSA

Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities

Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.

Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel

A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living

Government support for railroads

Ghost dance movement nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.

Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.

Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.

Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers

Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads

International migration society Facilitated the migration of black people to africa

Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her

Panic of 1893

Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo

Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical

Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.

Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society

Pullman strike

Sioux wars

Railroads

Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women

End this game?