Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Booker T. Washington
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
NAWSA
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Populist party
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Railroads
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
