Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
National Grange movement
American federation of labor
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Sioux wars
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Political machines
Interstate commerce act
Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Homestead act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
International migration society
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Tammany Hall
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Reservation system
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Debates over money
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
