Growth of immigration
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
White collar workers
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Ghost dance movement
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Great railroad strike
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Government support for railroads
Settlement houses
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Interstate commerce act
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
