Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Railroads Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Interstate commerce act
Ghost dance movement
Growth of immigration
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Bessemer process
Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Jim Crow laws Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
John D. Rockefeller
Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons
Homestead act
White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Sherman antitrust act
Government support for railroads
Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women
Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Boost!
Boost!
Andrew Carnegie
National Grange movement
Chinese exclusion act Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Railroads
Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Haymarket square riot
Debates over money Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Views on immigration
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Changes in farming
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Settlement houses Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
American federation of labor
Frozen!
Frozen!
Reservation system
Labor unions Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Frozen!
Frozen!
Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Laissez-faire economics
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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