Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Boost!
Boost!
Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
International migration society
Indian appropriation act congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Assimilationist movement
Tammany Hall
Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Ida B. Wells
Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Changes in farming A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Dawes act
Frozen!
Frozen!
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Pendleton Act Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Sherman antitrust act
Frozen!
Frozen!
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Growth of immigration 16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Boost!
Boost!
Debates over money
former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Pullman strike After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Jim Crow laws Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Indian appropriation act
Reservation system
Interstate commerce act Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Women's Christian Temperance Union Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
NAWSA Worked to secure voting rights for women
Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
International migration society Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Ghost dance movement nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Andrew Carnegie Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons
Gospel of wealth Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Frozen!
Frozen!
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Chinese exclusion act
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Frozen!
Frozen!
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Incorrect!
Incorrect!
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