Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Interstate commerce act
Ghost dance movement
Growth of immigration
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
American federation of labor
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Bessemer process
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Jim Crow laws
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
John D. Rockefeller
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
Homestead act
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Sherman antitrust act
Government support for railroads
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
