Panic of 1893
Interstate commerce act
Haymarket square riot
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
White collar workers
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Laissez-faire economics
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Railroads
Massive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Views on immigration
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Settlement houses
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Government support for railroads
Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Assimilationist movement
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
American protective association
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Indian appropriation act
Anti-Saloon league
Worked to close down saloons
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
