Political machines
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Booker T. Washington former slave who trained other black men to become economically self-sufficient, and argued this was a better way to gain power than to campaign for better voting rights
Panic of 1893 A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
White collar workers All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
John D. Rockefeller Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Populist party Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
American federation of labor Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Settlement houses
Indian appropriation act
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
National Grange movement Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Laissez-faire economics
Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Anti-Saloon league Worked to close down saloons
The new south Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Ida B. Wells Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Growth of immigration
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Reservation system
National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Government support for railroads
Haymarket square riot
Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Railroads
Chinese exclusion act
Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Frozen!
Frozen!
American protective association Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Andrew Carnegie
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Jim Crow laws
Laissez-faire economics There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Frozen!
Frozen!
Great railroad strike Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
Tammany Hall The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Bessemer process Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Views on immigration Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Assimilationist movement Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Settlement houses
Dawes act
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
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Required railroad rates to be reasonable and just, and established a federal commission to oversee the railroads
Gospel of wealth
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Reservation system Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Government support for railroads Railroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Sherman antitrust act
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Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Growth of immigration
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Haymarket square riot Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Knights of labor National union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Homestead act Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Sioux wars Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
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