Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Panic of 1893
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
The new south
Idea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Sioux wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
There was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Homestead act
Populist party
Wanted to correct the concentration of power held by banks and trusts. Proposed the Omaha platform: Direct election of senators, more referendums, graduated income tax, and an 8-hour workday
Ghost dance movement
Reservation system
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Andrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Changes in farming
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
Pullman strike
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Booker T. Washington
NAWSA
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Political machines
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
International migration society
Facilitated the migration of black people to africa
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Chinese exclusion act
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Labor unions
Workers formed labor unions to have more negotiating power and fight for better pay and working conditions
Sherman antitrust act
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
