The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Bring in Missouri and Maine at the same time to keep the balance of power. Also limited slavery above a certain latitude.
15th amendment
Malcom X
Advocated countering white violence with black violence
Johnathan Edwards
Theologian and philosopher who objected to predestination and helped cause the first great awakening by preaching to large crowds
EPA
Created in response to growing backlash from environmental disasters. Sought to place limits on pollution in the air and water
Dred Scott case
A slave in Missouri was taken to live in free Wisconsin, for two years, and he sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves aren't citizens, and they are property so nobody can be deprived of their property without due process.
March on Washington
Hundreds of thousands gathered for a peaceful protest in front of the lincoln memorial. MLK gave his 'I have a dream' speech
John D. Rockefeller
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Nativists successfully pressured Congress to stop the flow of Chinese immigrants who were coming over during the gold rush.
Progressivism
The idea that the problems within American society could only be fixed through vigorous government intervention.
Checks and balances
Southern baptists
Split from the rest of the baptist church because the northern baptists were abolitionists
Prohibited prayers in school
Jim Crow laws
Indian appropriation act
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
California and New Mexico wanted to enter the union as free states.
Henry Clay created compromise: New Mexico and Utah would vote on slavery, California would be admitted as a free state, Slavery would be banned in Washington D.C., and there would be a new fugitive slave act
Camp meetings with huge sermons, christian revival. In contrast to first great awakening, which focused on personal moral reformation, second one emphasized moral reformation of society
Mass culture
The growing popularity of technologies like movies and the radio meant that everyone was listening to the same things, which helped create a more unified culture and distinct identity
Anyone who tried to incite rebellion or obstruct the draft would go to prison
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Olive branch petition
Congress wanted king George to intervene on their behalf and end the violence. He didn’t read it.
New deal
Public works administration: employed people to work on infrastructure projects
Tennessee Valley Authority: Hired people to control power plants and control flooding
republican motherhood
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
From 1820 to 1840 nearly 2 million immigrants (mainly from Germany and Ireland) showed up
More American fishing rights, set the U.S. - Canada border at the 49th parallel, and called for the joint-occupation of Oregon
Pure food and drug act
Charles Finney
New york preacher who spoke powerfully with images that common folks could understand.
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
