Gave citizens the right to vote for their senators. Progressives argued this helped take senators out of the pockets of millionaires and big business
He argued that to achieve political equality, African Americans had to engage themselves in education and economic endavors
James Oglethorpe
Got the royal charter for Georgia because he wanted to establish a colony for the "worthy poor" (the people in debtors prisions). England also wanted protection from Spanish Florida.
Election of 1800
Rematch between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic republicans had finally figured out how to campaign in the media, and the Federalists were seen as elitist
President Jefferson established an embargo on foreign trade in retaliation for Britain and France attacks on American ships.
XYZ affair
Democratic Republicans
Weak national government
Farmers wanted to print more money so they could more easily pay back their debts, but the bankers and the wealthy wanted to keep the U.S. Dollar on the gold standard
American temperance society
Focused on working men. Established over 5,000 chapters across the nation
Virtual representation
The idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
W.E.B. Dubois
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
John Brown
2nd Continental Congress
How would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south
Whiskey rebellion
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
New deal
Public works administration: employed people to work on infrastructure projects
Tennessee Valley Authority: Hired people to control power plants and control flooding
National Grange movement
Social and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Woodrow Wilson's Triple wall of privilege
On his first day in office, WW addressed Congress on the need to provide relief to Americans by lowering tariffs
Younger Americans who had been born after the revolution, were ardent nationalists, and wanted war with Britain to invade Florida and Canada.
Starting in 1865 many Americans started pushing westward again after the interruption of the civil war
End of the federalists
The war had revived the struggling party thanks to the anti-war movement. Now that the war was over, federalist support collapsed for good.
Stamp act
Gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years.
Containment
The middle ground
Indian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
