Booker T. Washington
Raised import duties up to 50%. Supported by industrial northerners and hated by southerners who relied on imports
Brown v. Board of education
The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were inherently unequal and schools had to be integrated. Overturned plessy v. Ferguson from 1896
Southern resistance to integration
N.O.W.
Fugitive slave act
Many northerners opposed the expansion of slavery, and abolitionists despised the law. There were often riots when Southerners would try to bring back a runaway slave.
The new south
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
President McKinley was assassinated and Teddy Roosevelt became president
Wilson articulated his vision for the post-war world. Freedom of navigation, self-determination of nations, and a league of Nations (before the UN)
1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Rematch between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic republicans had finally figured out how to campaign in the media, and the Federalists were seen as elitist
American imperialism
Ideas about expansion and manifest destiny were engrained into the American identity. America purchased Alaska in 1867.
Assembly line
Her refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger, and subsequent arrest sparked a massive bus boycott
18th amendment passed
Banned the sale of alcohol. They thought it would right the moral wrongs of society, but it had the opposite effect
Family seen as foundation of social fabric
Created in response to growing backlash from environmental disasters. Sought to place limits on pollution in the air and water
Fries rebellion
Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Articles of confederation
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
He favored removing them to reservations beyond the Mississippi if they refused to "civilize" themselves. Some unified and began violently resisting with help from the British
Spanish-American War
7 years war
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
A woman's identity and sense of purpose revolved around child-bearing and making her home comfortable for her husband.
Divided the south into 5 zones under military occupation. Increased requirements for rejoining (also ratify 14th amendment and have universal suffrage)
republican motherhood
the idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
Dawes act
Broke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
