Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Wilmot Proviso
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Praying townsTowns in new england where native Americans were forced to live. They we're supposed to be for their protection, but really, it was to steal their land and convert them to christianity
Advocated countering white violence with black violence
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
The Albany conferenceMeeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Square dealWhen coal miners began to strike, Roosevelt stepped in to negotiate what he called a 'square deal' for both the workers and the corperation
The New Jersey planThe plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Expansive view of federal power & loose constructionists
Roe v. WadeNixon's appointments (who he'd assumed who be conservative) ruled in favor of abortion rights
Puritan cultureFamily seen as foundation of social fabric
Settlement housesProvided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Annapolis conventionSecret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
Colonial attitude towards independenceThey didn’t want it. Initially the revolution was a petition to get the same rights as other British citizens
First political partiesDivisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Boost!
Boost!
Ghost dance movementnationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Sit-in movement
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger
Hartford ConventionFederalists met in opposition to the war of 1812, and even argued that new england should suceed.
Great depressionThe stock market collapsed on black Tuesday. People borrowed money to invest in the stock market. Everyone lost their money.
Tariff of 1828
The Virginia planThe plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Panic of 1893A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Indian appropriation act
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Spanish colonization
XYZ affair
American imperialismIdeas about expansion and manifest destiny were engrained into the American identity. America purchased Alaska in 1867.
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
PhilippinesTeddy Roosevelt sent an American fleet to attack the Spanish colony. They staged a ground invasion in collaboration with Filipino nationalists and overthrew the Spanish, before buying it from them
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Railroads
Unrestricted submarine warfareGermany resumed sinking passenger ships two years later
Boost!
Boost!
A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south
French revolutionAmbassador from France came to America to encourage Americans to side with the French. Washington declared neutrality, but the ambassador remained in America to not get beheaded back home.
Frozen!
Frozen!
Progressive's concernsRising power of big businesses
Uncertainties in the economy
Violence between labor groups and employers
Influence of political machines
Jim Crow segregation
Rights of women
NAWSAWorked to secure voting rights for women
Boost!
Boost!
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Election of 1824The divisions within the Democratic-Republican party led them to choose 4 candidates, while Jackson's populist campaign won the popular vote, no candidate won enough electoral votes. Adams and Clay made a deal and the house voted for Adams.
Upton SinclairWrote the book 'The Jungle' to expose the dangerous conditions of factory workers and the unsanitary meat packers
Democratic Republicans
Lincoln campaigned on halting the expansion of slavery. He won without a single Southern electoral vote, prompting the south to realize they no longer any voice in the future of slavery in america
A revitalization of religious piety that swept through the American colonies between the 1730s and the 1770s.
Election of 1828
Frozen!
Frozen!
Asiento SystemSystem that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
Franklin D. Roosevelt elected
Cult of domesticityA woman's identity and sense of purpose revolved around child-bearing and making her home comfortable for her husband.
Andrew Carnegie
Anarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
American federation of laborGrew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Napoleon needed money to quell the Haitian revolution, so he sold the Louisiana territory, and Jefferson bought. This was controversial because the constitution didn't specify how to add territory to the union.
The division of powers between different levels of government.
Dred Scott case
Cold warA conflict between two belligerents where neither engages in conflict with the other
virginia and kentucky resolutionsdrafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
The standard of living for most Americans increased during the 1920s.