Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
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Sought to abolish all forms of segregation and expand educational opportunities for black children (and others)
Market revolutionThe linking of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation
Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Crisis in American values
Attitudes towards GermanyWanted to keep Germany weak so they wouldn't pose a threat.
Wanted to extract reparations for all the damage Germany had caused
Marbury vs. MadisonOn his way out of office, John Adams appointed 16 new judges. Jefferson refused to deliver some of these appointments. The Supreme Court established judicial review.
Popham ColonyBritian's second colony, in Maine, it lasted around a year, but they ran out of food and left
Southern resistance to integrationArgued that the Supreme Court had engaged in a gross abuse of power
Cesar Chavez
The great migrationOver 1.5 million African Americans moved north in search of economic opportunities created by the war effort and an escape from southern discrimination
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Increased nativismIncreased immigration from eastern Europe after the war created another wave of nativism. Led to the passage of the immigration quotas
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Mass culture
Battle of Bunker hill
The plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
7 years warA dispute over a French fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
Korematsu vs. U.S.Challenged the practice of Japanese Internment, but SCOTUS ruled that it was a wartime necessity
Populist party
Sioux warsSioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
HolaHello
Boston massacreParliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Compromise of 1850California and New Mexico wanted to enter the union as free states.
Henry Clay created compromise: New Mexico and Utah would vote on slavery, California would be admitted as a free state, Slavery would be banned in Washington D.C., and there would be a new fugitive slave act
PhilippinesTeddy Roosevelt sent an American fleet to attack the Spanish colony. They staged a ground invasion in collaboration with Filipino nationalists and overthrew the Spanish, before buying it from them
Rising power of big businesses
Uncertainties in the economy
Violence between labor groups and employers
Influence of political machines
Jim Crow segregation
Rights of women
The AG tasked FBI Director Hoover to gather information on suspected communists and led to mass arrests and deportations
sedition actapplied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Anne HutchinsonA Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.
Kansas-Nebraska actdivided Nebraska territory into 2 sections, Kansas and Nebraska. Put slavery to a vote in each new state. Effectively overturned the Missouri compromise!
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
First major recession in the United States
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DecolonizationAfter WWII there was a massive movement of decolonization throughout the world. Many of these new nations were unstable and needed aid, creating perfect conditions for proxy wars
American temperance societyFocused on working men. Established over 5,000 chapters across the nation
Jacob RiisA photojournalist who published a book called 'How the Other Half Lives' which showed the horrifying conditions of the people living in urban tenements
Upton SinclairWrote the book 'The Jungle' to expose the dangerous conditions of factory workers and the unsanitary meat packers
Connecticut compromiseCongress would have 2 houses, one with equal representation and one with population based representation.
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Knights of laborNational union open to ALL laborers. Wanted to end child labor and end trusts
Secret ballotHelped make voting more fair by giving voters privacy and preventing party bosses from pressuring people into voting for them
A slave in Missouri was taken to live in free Wisconsin, for two years, and he sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves aren't citizens, and they are property so nobody can be deprived of their property without due process.
Bessemer process
Rush-Bagot pactAgreement with Britain that removed military ships from the great lakes.
Laissez-faire economics
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Sit-in movementThousands of black folks sat a segregated food counters and refused to move until they were taken out by force and jailed
Tallmadge amendmentWould prohibit slavery in Missouri if it was admitted into the union
Gave citizens the right to vote for their senators. Progressives argued this helped take senators out of the pockets of millionaires and big business
Grew to over a million members by 1901 and had some modest successes
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Panic of 1893
British beliefs after 7 years war
Niagra movementLed by W.E.B. Dubois who organized a group of black intellectuals who met and organized to secure rights for African americans
Changes in farmingA new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Bleeding KansasFighting broke out between the pro and anti-slavery factions
Cold war
Wilmot ProvisoAn amendment to a law in congress that stipulated that any land gained in the Mexican-American war wouldn't be ineligible for the spread of slavery. Symbolized the growing tension over westward expansion and slavery.
National Grange movementSocial and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Jay treatyBritain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Gave WW2 veterans the opportunity to go to college for free (paid by the Government)
Asiento SystemSystem that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
Marbury vs. MadisonOn his way out of office, John Adams appointed 16 new judges. Jefferson refused to deliver some of these appointments. The Supreme Court established judicial review.