virginia and kentucky resolutions
drafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Ida Tarbell
Niagra movement
Led by W.E.B. Dubois who organized a group of black intellectuals who met and organized to secure rights for African americans
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Worked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Assembly line
Jefferson and Hamilton agreed to pass Hamilton's financial plan in exchange for making Washington D.C. the Capital of the country
Reconstruction acts
Divided the south into 5 zones under military occupation. Increased requirements for rejoining (also ratify 14th amendment and have universal suffrage)
The Feminine Mystique
Explained the boredom and imprisonment of the typical housewife who was beholden to the needs of her family at the expense of her own needs. Argued that women should seek fulfilment and careers as well.
Puritan culture
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Republican party formed
A coalition of free soilers and whigs and northern democrats who's goal was to stop the spread of slavery.
A staunch Calvinist who began preaching outdoors in England. He moved to the colonies in 1740. In 2 years he was able to speak to over a quarter of the American population
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
fourteen points
Red scare
congress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Sinking of the Lusitania
Jacob Riis
Election of 1824
Gave citizens the right to vote for their senators. Progressives argued this helped take senators out of the pockets of millionaires and big business
Madison re-imposed the embargo on Britain because they continued to attack American ships
Tallmadge amendment
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Roger Williams
A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south
McCulloch vs Maryland
Rematch between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic republicans had finally figured out how to campaign in the media, and the Federalists were seen as elitist
joint-stock company
Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
Election of 1844
James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
