Failures of the articles of confederationFrance and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
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International migration societyFacilitated the migration of black people to africa
Republican party formedA coalition of free soilers and whigs and northern democrats who's goal was to stop the spread of slavery.
Sit-in movementThousands of black folks sat a segregated food counters and refused to move until they were taken out by force and jailed
joint-stock company
Dutch WedgeNew Netherlands separated England's northern and southern colonies, until they just took it with very little resistance
George WhitefieldA staunch Calvinist who began preaching outdoors in England. He moved to the colonies in 1740. In 2 years he was able to speak to over a quarter of the American population
Whigs
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Fur trade and other economic reasons
Malcom X
Spanish colonization
Jefferson policy on indigenous Americans
On his way out of office, John Adams appointed 16 new judges. Jefferson refused to deliver some of these appointments. The Supreme Court established judicial review.
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Palmer raidsThe AG tasked FBI Director Hoover to gather information on suspected communists and led to mass arrests and deportations
Pendleton Act
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Gospel of wealthAndrew Carnegie argued that those with wealth should invest it into society
Pure food and drug act
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger
fourteen pointsWilson articulated his vision for the post-war world. Freedom of navigation, self-determination of nations, and a league of Nations (before the UN)
Compromise of 1820Bring in Missouri and Maine at the same time to keep the balance of power. Also limited slavery above a certain latitude.
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
Hartford ConventionFederalists met in opposition to the war of 1812, and even argued that new england should suceed.
Towns in new england where native Americans were forced to live. They we're supposed to be for their protection, but really, it was to steal their land and convert them to christianity
Compromise of 1850California and New Mexico wanted to enter the union as free states.
Henry Clay created compromise: New Mexico and Utah would vote on slavery, California would be admitted as a free state, Slavery would be banned in Washington D.C., and there would be a new fugitive slave act
Crisis in American valuesEmbraced the changing culture with respect to gender roles and scientific discoveries
Lived in urban areas
Disputes over the Texas border sparked the conflict. American troops made it all the way to Mexico city.
Market revolutionThe linking of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation
Booker T. WashingtonHe argued that to achieve political equality, African Americans had to engage themselves in education and economic endavors
Effects of the War of 1812
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Virtual representationThe idea that each representative in parliament represented the empire as a whole, and therefore, the colonies were represented.
The standard of living for most Americans increased during the 1920s.
Compromise of 1877The contested election was decided by a Republican-leaning committee the obv chose the Republican candidate. Democrats threatened to filibuster
Jamestown
A photojournalist who published a book called 'How the Other Half Lives' which showed the horrifying conditions of the people living in urban tenements
Reconstruction actsDivided the south into 5 zones under military occupation. Increased requirements for rejoining (also ratify 14th amendment and have universal suffrage)
Ghost dance movementnationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
End of the federalists
RailroadsMassive extension of the railroad system created a truly national market for goods
Wrote the book 'The Jungle' to expose the dangerous conditions of factory workers and the unsanitary meat packers
1920's politicsA Republican president was elected. He promised to reduce the government's involvement in people's lives and return to normalcy.
King Philip's war
Townshend Acts
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virginia and kentucky resolutionsdrafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Hamilton's financial plan
Government support for railroadsRailroads supported by the government through money and land grants
Thomas Gage
Roger Williams
Cesar ChavezLed the protests for fair labor for agricultural workers
Dutch WedgeNew Netherlands separated England's northern and southern colonies, until they just took it with very little resistance
Secret ballotHelped make voting more fair by giving voters privacy and preventing party bosses from pressuring people into voting for them
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
HoovervillesPeople who lost their homes had to live in shanty towns. The name mocked President Hoover for not intervening
pinckney's treaty
Rush-Bagot pact
Watts Riots of 1965After the arrest of a black motorist by white officers, rioters killed over 30 people and destroyed hundreds of buildings in Los Angeles