N.A.A.C.P
Sought to abolish all forms of segregation and expand educational opportunities for black children (and others)
Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
National Grange movement
Big stick diplomacy
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Cesar Chavez
Led the protests for fair labor for agricultural workers
Boston massacre
Parliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Johnson impeached
Pres. Johnson violated the tenure of office act, and impeachment failed by one vote
Expansion of democracy
Election of 1844
James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
Compromise of 1850
California and New Mexico wanted to enter the union as free states.
Henry Clay created compromise: New Mexico and Utah would vote on slavery, California would be admitted as a free state, Slavery would be banned in Washington D.C., and there would be a new fugitive slave act
Spanish-American War
Louisiana purchase
XYZ affair
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Spain sells Florida
U.S. wanted Florida for nationalist reasons and because slaves and outlaws kept hiding out there. After retaliating for a raid, Spain gives up and sells Florida for $5 million
Compromise of 1877
The contested election was decided by a Republican-leaning committee the obv chose the Republican candidate. Democrats threatened to filibuster
Andrew Carnegie
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Labor unions
Women who rejected stereotypical gender roles by drinking and smoking and having short hair
American protective association
Views on immigration
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Great railroad strike
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Worked to secure voting rights for women
Tammany Hall
White collar workers
George Washington's Presidency
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Failures of the articles of confederation
France and others wanted their debt paid back, yet the national government didn’t have money. States had individual economies that didn’t collaborate.
Pendleton Act
Political appointments were very corrupt after a guy shot the president because he didn't get a job, congress passed the Pendleton Act, which created an exam that was used for deciding who would get a job
Rise 0f Chesapeake slavery
