Jackson Vetos Second Bank of the U.S.
New deal
Public works administration: employed people to work on infrastructure projects
Tennessee Valley Authority: Hired people to control power plants and control flooding
Panic of 1819
First major recession in the United States
Roger Williams
A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south
Malcom X
Direct election of senators
Gave citizens the right to vote for their senators. Progressives argued this helped take senators out of the pockets of millionaires and big business
Spanish-American War
Wilson created many wartime agencies to coordinate the war. They encouraged Americans to ration resources and food, took control of railroads, and revitalized industries, causing more urban migration.
The embargo
President Jefferson established an embargo on foreign trade in retaliation for Britain and France attacks on American ships.
Bring in Missouri and Maine at the same time to keep the balance of power. Also limited slavery above a certain latitude.
Louisiana purchase
Checks and balances
Different branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Sit-in movement
Thousands of black folks sat a segregated food counters and refused to move until they were taken out by force and jailed
Madison re-imposed the embargo on Britain because they continued to attack American ships
Created in response to growing backlash from environmental disasters. Sought to place limits on pollution in the air and water
He himself owned hundreds of slaves. He banned the importation of slaves. Once the Atlantic trade dried up, domestic trade increased, creating the second middle passage
Common sense
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Townshend Acts
In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Cash and Carry
Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass a looser version of the neutrality act that allowed anyone to purchase arms from the U.S. as long as they paid in cash and used their own ships to transport it
Protected voting rights of former slaves (in theory)
The Albany conference
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
French colonization
Expanding the fur trade, later plantations in Louisiana
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Civil rights act of 1866
All African Americans were citizens of the United States
Election of 1860
Immigration Quotas
Limited the number of eastern European and Asian immigrants
A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Sedition act of 1918
Prohibited anyone from making negative comments about the government
Watts Riots of 1965
After the arrest of a black motorist by white officers, rioters killed over 30 people and destroyed hundreds of buildings in Los Angeles
