Bessemer processEnabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Philadelphia convention12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
John BrownLed a small raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. His goal was to arm the southern slave population and incite a slave rebellion
Marbury vs. MadisonOn his way out of office, John Adams appointed 16 new judges. Jefferson refused to deliver some of these appointments. The Supreme Court established judicial review.
Tallmadge amendment
Niagra movementLed by W.E.B. Dubois who organized a group of black intellectuals who met and organized to secure rights for African americans
Ida TarbellPublished a devastating investigation of standard oil in 1902
Cesar ChavezLed the protests for fair labor for agricultural workers
American protective associationHeavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
HolaHello
Prohibited prayers in school
Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
Positions on expansion of slaveryArgued that slavery was a constitutional right, wanted line established in the Missouri Compromise to extend all the way westward to the Pacific.
Treaty of New EchotaSneaky deal that exchanged Cherokee land in Georgia for a reservation territory west of the Mississippi River.
7 years war
Roger Williams
nationwide movement of resistance. They began to believe that if they took up the ritualistic ghost dance, that their ancestors would return and drive the Americans out.
Checks and balancesDifferent branches of government could check each other to prevent abuse of power.
Reconstruction acts
Madison re-imposed the embargo on Britain because they continued to attack American ships
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
Asiento SystemSystem that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
Wilmot ProvisoAn amendment to a law in congress that stipulated that any land gained in the Mexican-American war wouldn't be ineligible for the spread of slavery. Symbolized the growing tension over westward expansion and slavery.
Women's Christian Temperance UnionWorked to ban alcohol, had over 500,000 members
Southern resistance to integration
Frozen!
Frozen!
They viewed the colonies as subordinates. They had spent billions on defending them, and thought they'd want to help pay the debt.
Boost!
Boost!
The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were inherently unequal and schools had to be integrated. Overturned plessy v. Ferguson from 1896
XYZ affair
Boost!
Boost!
Americans believed they had a God-given right to have a nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
Tenure of Office ActStopped the president from removing a member of their cabinet without congressional approval (Johnson had tried to remove his secretary of war, who was a radical Republican)
Red ScareAnti-german sentiment shifted to anti-communist sentiment as people feared communist infiltration from Russia
Immigration QuotasLimited the number of eastern European and Asian immigrants
Dred Scott case
Assembly lineA new and more efficient way to manufacture products like cars
Progressivism
Engel vs. Vitale
Jefferson policy on indigenous AmericansHe favored removing them to reservations beyond the Mississippi if they refused to "civilize" themselves. Some unified and began violently resisting with help from the British
Election of 1844James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
New deal
republican motherhoodthe idea that women needed to become educated so that they could educate the new generation
White supremacyWhite supremacy continued to dominate. Secret societies continued to terrorize African Americans (and Catholics, jews, and immigrants)
Argued that slavery was a constitutional right, wanted line established in the Missouri Compromise to extend all the way westward to the Pacific.
Increased nativismIncreased immigration from eastern Europe after the war created another wave of nativism. Led to the passage of the immigration quotas
Economic and religious liberty
Wrote the book 'The Jungle' to expose the dangerous conditions of factory workers and the unsanitary meat packers
Dawes act
Watts Riots of 1965After the arrest of a black motorist by white officers, rioters killed over 30 people and destroyed hundreds of buildings in Los Angeles
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Hartford ConventionFederalists met in opposition to the war of 1812, and even argued that new england should suceed.
Political machinesCorrupt political bosses and their followers
Ghost dance movement
Sneaky deal that exchanged Cherokee land in Georgia for a reservation territory west of the Mississippi River.
Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Teddy Roosevelt progressivismBelieved the president should set the legislative agenda for Congress. He led congress to pass a series of laws on consumer protection and enviornmental conservation