Counter cultureA movement, mostly among young people who cast off societal restraint with rebellious clothing and experimental drug use
McCulloch vs MarylandRuled that federal law trumps state law
republican motherhood
violent tax protest from 1791-1794.
the whiskey was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by president Washington to pay for the war. It unfairly burdened poor farmers west of the Appalachian mountains because they couldn't do business anymore
House Unamerican activities community searched for communist influence in American society (Government, military, film industry, Boy Scouts)
Woodrow Wilson's Triple wall of privilege
FederalismThe division of powers between different levels of government.
Madison declared war. "Would Americans remain independent or become colonists again?"
Marbury vs. MadisonOn his way out of office, John Adams appointed 16 new judges. Jefferson refused to deliver some of these appointments. The Supreme Court established judicial review.
DecolonizationAfter WWII there was a massive movement of decolonization throughout the world. Many of these new nations were unstable and needed aid, creating perfect conditions for proxy wars
Sioux initally won a deceive victory against the U.S. army.
Panic of 1819First major recession in the United States
Indian appropriation act
White supremacy continued to dominate. Secret societies continued to terrorize African Americans (and Catholics, jews, and immigrants)
Articles of confederationLooked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Reservation systemIndian nations were assigned land called reservations. However this land was much less than before, and many decided to just keep following buffalo
Enabled manufacturers to produce huge quantities of steel
Gold was discovered in California, population skyrocketed
James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
Panic of 1893
Embraced the changing culture with respect to gender roles and scientific discoveries
Lived in urban areas
Andrew CarnegiePioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
By 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau declared that the frontier was officially settled
British colonizationEconomic and religious liberty
Attacked the obstacles to independence. It was the best selling work in American history because it presented his ideas in a vernacular way.
Assembly lineA new and more efficient way to manufacture products like cars
Published a devastating investigation of standard oil in 1902
Election of 1824The divisions within the Democratic-Republican party led them to choose 4 candidates, while Jackson's populist campaign won the popular vote, no candidate won enough electoral votes. Adams and Clay made a deal and the house voted for Adams.
American temperance societyFocused on working men. Established over 5,000 chapters across the nation
Battle of VicksburgGranted the Union control of the entire Mississippi River. Cut the confederacy in half
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
Compromise of 1820Bring in Missouri and Maine at the same time to keep the balance of power. Also limited slavery above a certain latitude.
Malcom X
American protective association
pinckney's treaty
Rematch between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic republicans had finally figured out how to campaign in the media, and the Federalists were seen as elitist
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
New American identity
Spanish-American War
From 1820 to 1840 nearly 2 million immigrants (mainly from Germany and Ireland) showed up
FederalismThe division of powers between different levels of government.
Mass culture
Haymarket square riotAnarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Declaratory actParliament repealed the stamp act, but enacted the declaratory act, saying they could pass any law they wanted.
Mexican-American warDisputes over the Texas border sparked the conflict. American troops made it all the way to Mexico city.
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passengerHer refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger, and subsequent arrest sparked a massive bus boycott
Hundreds of thousands gathered for a peaceful protest in front of the lincoln memorial. MLK gave his 'I have a dream' speech
Thomas GageThe new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
The Virginia planThe plan for representation favored by large states. It called for 2 houses with population based representation and a strong national government.
Gold rushGold was discovered in California, population skyrocketed
Rise 0f Chesapeake slaveryLaws helped codify racial differneces. They wanted to prevent the growth of the free black population by banning interracial marriage. Also slavery was becoming cheaper than indentured servitude
Pres. Johnson violated the tenure of office act, and impeachment failed by one vote
Jacob RiisA photojournalist who published a book called 'How the Other Half Lives' which showed the horrifying conditions of the people living in urban tenements
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
National Grange movementSocial and educational collective aimed at brining farmers together. Soon became political to lobby for farmers
Gave citizens the right to vote for their senators. Progressives argued this helped take senators out of the pockets of millionaires and big business
Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoEstablished the southern border of the United States and granted a huge portion of land known as the Mexican cession which included California and new Mexico
Black PanthersAdvocated violence when necessary in defense of black rights
Kansas-Nebraska actdivided Nebraska territory into 2 sections, Kansas and Nebraska. Put slavery to a vote in each new state. Effectively overturned the Missouri compromise!