Tammany Hall
The most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Annapolis convention
Secret meeting between delegates of 6 states to discuss how to fix the articles of confederation
A new focus on cash-crops in the north and west, and a shift to more expensive mechanized farming methods put smaller farms out of business. Big trusts that farmers relied on (like railroads) also raised prices, making it even harder for farmers to make a living
Brown v. Board of education
The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were inherently unequal and schools had to be integrated. Overturned plessy v. Ferguson from 1896
Laws helped codify racial differneces. They wanted to prevent the growth of the free black population by banning interracial marriage. Also slavery was becoming cheaper than indentured servitude
Lexington and Concorde
British troops marched to take a militia's weapons. They we're beaten back and chased back to boston by militia minutemen
Cult of domesticity
Election of 1797
First contested election in American history, won by John Adams (Washington's vice president)
Praying towns
Towns in new england where native Americans were forced to live. They we're supposed to be for their protection, but really, it was to steal their land and convert them to christianity
Theologian and philosopher who objected to predestination and helped cause the first great awakening by preaching to large crowds
Argued that for african americans to have any shot at economic equality, they needed to be recognized as politically equal first.
Age of passion
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Sugar act
Reduced the tax on molasses, but strengthened the court system to end smuggling, making many wealthy smugglers angry.
White collar workers
All the industrialization created a new type of work for managers and administrators who ran the factories instead of working in them
Debates over money
Spain sells Florida
U.S. wanted Florida for nationalist reasons and because slaves and outlaws kept hiding out there. After retaliating for a raid, Spain gives up and sells Florida for $5 million
12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Johnson impeached
Pres. Johnson violated the tenure of office act, and impeachment failed by one vote
Treaty of New Echota
Pioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
fourteen points
Wilson articulated his vision for the post-war world. Freedom of navigation, self-determination of nations, and a league of Nations (before the UN)
Britians first colony, established in outer banks, NC. When they came back, it was abandonded
Ida B. Wells
Editor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
First political parties
Divisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
A slave in Missouri was taken to live in free Wisconsin, for two years, and he sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves aren't citizens, and they are property so nobody can be deprived of their property without due process.
Spanish colonization
Niagra movement
Stamp act congress
Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
British impressment
The British continued to kidnap american sailors. Washington sent John Jay to london to negotiate
Enforcing the Sherman Anti-trust Act
