the Compromise of 1790
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Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson. Declared the colonies an independent country from Britain. Included a statement of intent, list of grievances, and a conclusion that dissolved ties with Britain
Southern baptists
White supremacy continued to dominate. Secret societies continued to terrorize African Americans (and Catholics, jews, and immigrants)
Britain didn't want to spend more money defending the colonies from the natives, so they banned settling beyond the Appalachian mountains
First great awakening A revitalization of religious piety that swept through the American colonies between the 1730s and the 1770s.
Hamilton's financial plan 1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Fries rebellion Farmers in southeast Pennsylvania stopped paying taxes for the larger military. John Fries led a peaceful protest, but John Adams ordered federal troops to stop the protest, and they made mass arrests, assaulted newspaper editors, and almost executed John Fries.
Federalism The division of powers between different levels of government.
The New Jersey plan The plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Camp meetings with huge sermons, christian revival. In contrast to first great awakening, which focused on personal moral reformation, second one emphasized moral reformation of society
EPA Created in response to growing backlash from environmental disasters. Sought to place limits on pollution in the air and water
Stamp act congress Delegates met in New York to send the "declaration of rights & grievances" to the king. They also organized a boycott of British goods.
sedition act applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Disputes over the Texas border sparked the conflict. American troops made it all the way to Mexico city.
Political machines Corrupt political bosses and their followers
Market revolution
Flappers Women who rejected stereotypical gender roles by drinking and smoking and having short hair
Gold rush Gold was discovered in California, population skyrocketed
fourteen points Wilson articulated his vision for the post-war world. Freedom of navigation, self-determination of nations, and a league of Nations (before the UN)
Prohibited racial discrimination in the voting booth
Kansas-Nebraska act divided Nebraska territory into 2 sections, Kansas and Nebraska. Put slavery to a vote in each new state. Effectively overturned the Missouri compromise!
Reconstruction acts
Townshend Acts In opposing the stamp act, the colonists said trade should be regulated instead. Parliament passed the townshend acts and began taxing imports and exports.
Meeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Pure food and drug act Ensured Americans were eating safe and uncontaminated food
Dred Scott case A slave in Missouri was taken to live in free Wisconsin, for two years, and he sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves aren't citizens, and they are property so nobody can be deprived of their property without due process.
Praying towns Towns in new england where native Americans were forced to live. They we're supposed to be for their protection, but really, it was to steal their land and convert them to christianity
18th amendment passed Banned the sale of alcohol. They thought it would right the moral wrongs of society, but it had the opposite effect
Republican party formed A coalition of free soilers and whigs and northern democrats who's goal was to stop the spread of slavery.
The growing popularity of technologies like movies and the radio meant that everyone was listening to the same things, which helped create a more unified culture and distinct identity
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Cold war A conflict between two belligerents where neither engages in conflict with the other
Expansion of democracy Voting rights were expanded to all white males
Roosevelt began enforcing the act more strictly and dismantled over 40 large companies (only bad trusts)
Charles Finney New york preacher who spoke powerfully with images that common folks could understand.
Her refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger, and subsequent arrest sparked a massive bus boycott
James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
Radical Republicans
Praying towns Towns in new england where native Americans were forced to live. They we're supposed to be for their protection, but really, it was to steal their land and convert them to christianity
Articles of confederation Looked to balance national coordination and states rights to prevent tyranny. It featured a unicameral legislature, but the federal government had no money and no military
Argued that slavery was a constitutional right, wanted line established in the Missouri Compromise to extend all the way westward to the Pacific.
Sherman antitrust act Made monopolizing an entire market illegal
EPA
applied restrictions to immigration and speech in US made it a crime for americans to print, utter, or publish any false, scandalous, malicious writing about the government
Many northerners opposed the expansion of slavery, and abolitionists despised the law. There were often riots when Southerners would try to bring back a runaway slave.
Thomas Gage
Britain agreed to abandon outposts on the western frontier. In return the U.S. would favor trade with Britian. However, the treaty failed to address the british kidnapping, and American hatred of Britian caused riots.
Federalists Strong national government
Assimilationist movement
Marbury vs. Madison
Jim Crow laws Forced segregation and prevented african americans from exercising their civil liberties
Red scare
The areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Massachusetts Bay Colony Colony founded by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a hill"
After a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
When coal miners began to strike, Roosevelt stepped in to negotiate what he called a 'square deal' for both the workers and the corperation
Effects of the War of 1812
Labor unions
Bessemer process
The stock market collapsed on black Tuesday. People borrowed money to invest in the stock market. Everyone lost their money.
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