George WhitefieldA staunch Calvinist who began preaching outdoors in England. He moved to the colonies in 1740. In 2 years he was able to speak to over a quarter of the American population
Charles FinneyNew york preacher who spoke powerfully with images that common folks could understand.
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Enforcing the Sherman Anti-trust ActRoosevelt began enforcing the act more strictly and dismantled over 40 large companies (only bad trusts)
James OglethorpeGot the royal charter for Georgia because he wanted to establish a colony for the "worthy poor" (the people in debtors prisions). England also wanted protection from Spanish Florida.
Views on immigrationFeared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
Marbury vs. MadisonOn his way out of office, John Adams appointed 16 new judges. Jefferson refused to deliver some of these appointments. The Supreme Court established judicial review.
FederalistsStrong national government
Harlem RenaissanceBlack artists and performers developed a distinct art that grew out of the black experience
Engel vs. Vitale
The embargoPresident Jefferson established an embargo on foreign trade in retaliation for Britain and France attacks on American ships.
2nd Continental Congress
Southern resistance to integration
Dred Scott caseA slave in Missouri was taken to live in free Wisconsin, for two years, and he sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves aren't citizens, and they are property so nobody can be deprived of their property without due process.
New deal
Shay’s rebellionFarmers had to take debt because they weren’t getting paid. Their land was being repossessed so they rebelled and closed the courts. They used Republican ideals to justify it.
The Virginia plan
Women's Christian Temperance Union
The New Jersey plan
Philadelphia convention12/13 states met to amend the articles of confederation. They eventually decided to draft a new constitution
Tammany Hall
Heavily anti-catholic and Social Darwinists
Ida TarbellPublished a devastating investigation of standard oil in 1902
virginia and kentucky resolutionsdrafted by thomas jefferson and james madison, claimed that alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional and overstepped federal authority under the constitition, and could therefore be nullified by the states
Democratic Republicans
Spanish colonizationColonized to extract wealth through mining and cash crops
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Kansas-Nebraska actdivided Nebraska territory into 2 sections, Kansas and Nebraska. Put slavery to a vote in each new state. Effectively overturned the Missouri compromise!
Scopes Monkey trialIn Tennessee it was illegal to teach Darwin's theory of evolution to children. A teacher was arrested for teaching it to his class. In the end, the conviction was thrown out on a technicality.
British colonizationEconomic and religious liberty
Frozen!
Frozen!
Wilson created many wartime agencies to coordinate the war. They encouraged Americans to ration resources and food, took control of railroads, and revitalized industries, causing more urban migration.
Election of 1800Rematch between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic republicans had finally figured out how to campaign in the media, and the Federalists were seen as elitist
Railroad companies cut salaries due to a recession. Railroad workers went on strike in 11 states. When the strike got violent, 11 people were killed before President Hayes sent in federal troops
American temperance societyFocused on working men. Established over 5,000 chapters across the nation
Spanish-American War
Boost!
Boost!
When coal miners began to strike, Roosevelt stepped in to negotiate what he called a 'square deal' for both the workers and the corperation
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Granted the Union control of the entire Mississippi River. Cut the confederacy in half
Wanted to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values.
Sneaky deal that exchanged Cherokee land in Georgia for a reservation territory west of the Mississippi River.
Ghost dance movement
2nd Continental CongressHow would the colonists win? George Washington would lead an army
How would they pay for it? New currency
The new southIdea that the future of the south would be based on economic diversity and industrial growth. Massive growth of population, industry, and railroads. Only in limited industrial centers though.
Frozen!
Frozen!
Meat inspection actSet standards of sanitation for meat packing plants
Tallmadge amendmentWould prohibit slavery in Missouri if it was admitted into the union
Dawes actBroke up tribal organizations and divided up tribal land and gave U.S. citizenship to natives who "Americanized" themselves
Boost!
Boost!
Second great awakening
A dispute over a french fort spiraled into a global conflict. Indigenous tribes tried to play Britain and France off of each other.
N.O.W.
Roanoke ColonyBritians first colony, established in outer banks, NC. When they came back, it was abandonded
Reservation system
Election of 1828
Spanish colonization
James OglethorpeGot the royal charter for Georgia because he wanted to establish a colony for the "worthy poor" (the people in debtors prisions). England also wanted protection from Spanish Florida.
Pioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
Phyllis Schlafly
Many northerners opposed the expansion of slavery, and abolitionists despised the law. There were often riots when Southerners would try to bring back a runaway slave.
Townshend Acts
Indian Removal Act of 1830Removed native americans from their land and sent them to reservations west of the Mississippi river.