New dealPublic works administration: employed people to work on infrastructure projects
Tennessee Valley Authority: Hired people to control power plants and control flooding
Marshall planThe extensive economic aid plan to rebuild the European economy and encourage democracy
Red scareHouse Unamerican activities community searched for communist influence in American society (Government, military, film industry, Boy Scouts)
Pullman strikeAfter a railroad car manufacturer cut wages, and the union tried to negotiate, the company failed them all. The railroad union decided to not work on any trains with Pullman cars in them. The railroad owners tied the Pullman cars to mail trains in order to get the government to keep them moving, and the union members were jailed
Hamilton's financial plan1) Establish the U.S. credit worthiness 2) Unify the states' debt 3) Create a national bank 4) Whiskey tax to pay for the revolution 5) Establish tariffs to protect american businesses
Tammany HallThe most famous political machine organized and met the needs of immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes
Virtual representation
GI BillGave WW2 veterans the opportunity to go to college for free (paid by the Government)
California and New Mexico wanted to enter the union as free states.
Henry Clay created compromise: New Mexico and Utah would vote on slavery, California would be admitted as a free state, Slavery would be banned in Washington D.C., and there would be a new fugitive slave act
Franklin D. Roosevelt elected
Knights of labor
An aggressive foreign policy that got the U.S. involved in many foreign conflicts
Puritan culture
People who lost their homes had to live in shanty towns. The name mocked President Hoover for not intervening
The Albany conferenceMeeting between leaders of 7 colonies to create a plan for joint defense and administration of the colonies. "Join or die"
Counter cultureA movement, mostly among young people who cast off societal restraint with rebellious clothing and experimental drug use
Second great awakening
Democratic RepublicansWeak national government
The middle groundThe areas where both colonists and native people would trade and coexist
Ida B. WellsEditor of a newspaper editorialized against lynching and jim crow. She fled north due to threats against her
Election of 1800Rematch between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic republicans had finally figured out how to campaign in the media, and the Federalists were seen as elitist
Brown v. Board of education
Madison declared war on great BritainMadison declared war. "Would Americans remain independent or become colonists again?"
Election of 1844James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
Pure food and drug act
Indian Removal Act of 1830Removed native americans from their land and sent them to reservations west of the Mississippi river.
Haymarket square riotAnarchists set off a bomb during a Knights of labor protest in Chicago for an 8-hour workweek. Many people began to see the labor movement as violent and radical
Olive branch petition
Reconstruction actsDivided the south into 5 zones under military occupation. Increased requirements for rejoining (also ratify 14th amendment and have universal suffrage)
Led the protests for fair labor for agricultural workers
Frozen!
Frozen!
Boost!
Boost!
George Washington's PresidencyEstablished many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Marshall plan
Gold rushGold was discovered in California, population skyrocketed
Radical RepublicansPushed hard for civil rights, wanted to punish the south. Shifted the process of reconstruction from president to congress
Texan independence
Jackson Vetos Second Bank of the U.S.Supported by Henry Clay and created under the American system
McCulloch vs MarylandRuled that federal law trumps state law
Rising power of big businesses
Uncertainties in the economy
Violence between labor groups and employers
Influence of political machines
Jim Crow segregation
Rights of women
XYZ affairFrench and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
Ida TarbellPublished a devastating investigation of standard oil in 1902
Madison re-imposed the embargo on Britain because they continued to attack American ships
Fugitive slave actMany northerners opposed the expansion of slavery, and abolitionists despised the law. There were often riots when Southerners would try to bring back a runaway slave.
Election of 1824The divisions within the Democratic-Republican party led them to choose 4 candidates, while Jackson's populist campaign won the popular vote, no candidate won enough electoral votes. Adams and Clay made a deal and the house voted for Adams.
Upton SinclairWrote the book 'The Jungle' to expose the dangerous conditions of factory workers and the unsanitary meat packers
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Tariff of 1828Raised import duties up to 50%. Supported by industrial northerners and hated by southerners who relied on imports
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Laissez-faire economics
GI Bill
Square dealWhen coal miners began to strike, Roosevelt stepped in to negotiate what he called a 'square deal' for both the workers and the corperation
A movement, mostly among young people who cast off societal restraint with rebellious clothing and experimental drug use
Popham Colony
George WhitefieldA staunch Calvinist who began preaching outdoors in England. He moved to the colonies in 1740. In 2 years he was able to speak to over a quarter of the American population
New dealPublic works administration: employed people to work on infrastructure projects
Tennessee Valley Authority: Hired people to control power plants and control flooding
Manifest destinyAmericans believed they had a God-given right to have a nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
Fighting broke out between the pro and anti-slavery factions