James k. Polk was a big believer in manifest destiny. He got the Oregon territory and started the Mexican-American River.
Politics was very negative with the rise of political parties, political violence, and deep political divisions
Battle of VicksburgGranted the Union control of the entire Mississippi River. Cut the confederacy in half
Henry Clay's American systemFederally funded internal improvements, protective tariffs, and the re-establishment of the bank of the united states.
Increased nativismIncreased immigration from eastern Europe after the war created another wave of nativism. Led to the passage of the immigration quotas
15th amendmentProtected voting rights of former slaves (in theory)
The New Jersey planThe plan for representation favored by small states. It called for 1 house of Congress with each state getting equal representation.
Southern baptistsSplit from the rest of the baptist church because the northern baptists were abolitionists
The great migrationOver 1.5 million African Americans moved north in search of economic opportunities created by the war effort and an escape from southern discrimination
Enforcing the Sherman Anti-trust ActRoosevelt began enforcing the act more strictly and dismantled over 40 large companies (only bad trusts)
Provided resources to the poor to enrich the neighborhood. Largely led by women
Panic of 1893A severe economic depression during which nearly a quarter of railroads declared bankruptcy. This caused bankers to buy up many of the railroads, leading to consolidation.
Growth of immigration16 million immigrants (mostly from Europe) came looking for better economic opportunities
Jefferson policy on indigenous Americans
Expansion of democracy
New Netherlands separated England's northern and southern colonies, until they just took it with very little resistance
John D. RockefellerPioneered horizontal integration, where one company controls every seller in the market.
Bleeding KansasFighting broke out between the pro and anti-slavery factions
Lincoln campaigned on halting the expansion of slavery. He won without a single Southern electoral vote, prompting the south to realize they no longer any voice in the future of slavery in america
System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
A movement, mostly among young people who cast off societal restraint with rebellious clothing and experimental drug use
Laissez-faire economicsThere was an extreme lack of government regulation of the economy at the time
Woodrow Wilson's Triple wall of privilegeOn his first day in office, WW addressed Congress on the need to provide relief to Americans by lowering tariffs
Boston massacreParliament sent 1,000 troops to boston to enforce the townshend acts. Protesters began throwing snowballs, and eventually rocks at a group of soldiers. Someone fired a shot, and the soldiers killed 5 protesters
Andrew CarnegiePioneered vertical integration, where one company controls every stage of the manufacturing process
The standard of living for most Americans increased during the 1920s.
Enforcing the Sherman Anti-trust ActRoosevelt began enforcing the act more strictly and dismantled over 40 large companies (only bad trusts)
Frozen!
Frozen!
EPACreated in response to growing backlash from environmental disasters. Sought to place limits on pollution in the air and water
System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish. Required that a tax be paid to the Spanish ruler for each slave brought over.
Indian appropriation actcongress sparked a new fight with the Sioux, by passing a law that nullified all previous treaties made with native Americans
Granted the Union control of the entire Mississippi River. Cut the confederacy in half
American temperance societyFocused on working men. Established over 5,000 chapters across the nation
Jim Crow laws
ProgressivismThe idea that the problems within American society could only be fixed through vigorous government intervention.
American protective association
N.A.A.C.PSought to abolish all forms of segregation and expand educational opportunities for black children (and others)
Helped make voting more fair by giving voters privacy and preventing party bosses from pressuring people into voting for them
Boost!
Boost!
Great depressionThe stock market collapsed on black Tuesday. People borrowed money to invest in the stock market. Everyone lost their money.
Black codesRestricted the civil rights of african americans in the south. Made it harder to vote, own property, even banned them from testifying against white people
American federation of labor
Established many precedents for the office of the president. Created a cabinet-style government, appointed cabinet officials based on merit, and stepped down after 2 terms
Second great awakeningCamp meetings with huge sermons, christian revival. In contrast to first great awakening, which focused on personal moral reformation, second one emphasized moral reformation of society
The new appointed governor of Massachusetts who began to strictly enforce parliaments laws
Federalism
Boost!
Boost!
First political partiesDivisions over neutrality in the French revolution, the Jay treaty, the financial plan, and existing sectionalism created the first political parties.
Hartford ConventionFederalists met in opposition to the war of 1812, and even argued that new england should suceed.
Madison declared war on great BritainMadison declared war. "Would Americans remain independent or become colonists again?"
1920's politics
Feared that factory owners would use immigrants to keep wages low and to replace striking workers
A conflict between two belligerents where neither engages in conflict with the other
Wilson created many wartime agencies to coordinate the war. They encouraged Americans to ration resources and food, took control of railroads, and revitalized industries, causing more urban migration.
Corrupt political bosses and their followers
President Jefferson established an embargo on foreign trade in retaliation for Britain and France attacks on American ships.
Philippines
French and british continued to kidnap american sailors, so Adams sent ministers to negotiate. When they arrived, 3 agents demanded a bribe just to speak to the foreign minister. John Adams almost declared war.
New American identityNoah Webster's dictionary standardized the spelling and pronunciation of American language