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Simony
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the buying and selling of church offices
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nepotism
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favoritism to relatives
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Indulgences
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Allowed people to buy their salvation
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Diet of Worms
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called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.
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Predestination
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Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation
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Anabaptists
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A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.
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Hugenots
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French Protestants
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Massacre of Vassy
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Murder of Huguenots by Catholics: considered the incident that led to war
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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Catherine de Medici had thousands of Protestants killed at Henry of Navarre's wedding
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Edict of Nantes
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document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots in France
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Peace of Augsburg
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A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that let each prince choose the religion of their kingdom (only Protestant or catholic)
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Frederick 1st
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Helped start the 30 years war because he challenged the catholic absolutism of the holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd
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Defenestration of Prague
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Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand 2nd shut down several lutheran churches in Bohemia. They then threw those officials out of a window.
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30 years war: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
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Small localized war in Bohemia between the Protestant union and the catholic league . Catholic league won and reestablished Catholicism
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Battle of White Mountain (1620)
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Catholics defeated the Protestants and reestablished Catholicism (bohemian phase)
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Danish Phase (1625-1629)
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King of Denmark, who was Protestant, led attacks against the Catholics. War is transforming from a local conflict, to a tran-national war
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Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
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Marks the point at which the war extended beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire and became a proper European war. King gustavus Adolphus, a brilliant strategist scored major victories for the Protestants, with aid from France.
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French Phase (1635-1648)
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Used this war as an excuse to fight the Habsburgs in Spain in order to assure that they would not rebound from the Protestant defeats
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Peace of Westphalia
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the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Marked the end of Europe's religious wars, amended the Augsburg agreement, and weakened the holy Roman emperor
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Catholic Reformation
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Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline in response to Protestant reforms.
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Roman Inquisition
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A Catholic court that inquired into the beliefs of people to see if they were heretics
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Index of Prohibited Books
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A list of Books, created by the Catholic Church, that supported Protestantism or that were overly critical of the Church were banned. Possession could be severe.
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Council of Trent
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Aimed to reform the church and reconcile with Protestants. They cracked down on corruption and created a spiritual reawakening.
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Jesuits
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members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
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Social order in 16th century europe
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Land ownership important, wealth important, religion, and patriarchy (less in rural areas)
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Stocks
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Where they would put you if you broke the law. Your arms and legs are restrained and anyone in town can throw things at you.
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Witch hunts
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In 1500s to 1600s about 50 thousand women were killed for being witches. Caused by patriarchal beliefs (women are too weak to resist the devil)
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Double entry book keeping
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Banks began handling so much money, new techniques were developed to keep track of it. Double entry booking was a way of keeping track of everyone’s debts and bank balance.
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Matteo Z 
European history
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